Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in humans and pigs in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Tuda, Josef S. B.; Adiani, Sri; Ichikawa‐Seki, Madoka; Umeda, Kousuke; Nishikawa, Yoshifumi

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2017.04.011

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, it was similar to a previous report in Metro Manila (13.6%) [48] and reports from other neighboring countries, such as Taiwan (10.1%) [49] and China (10.4%) [50]. Lower seroprevalence was reported in Indonesia and Japan at 2.3% and 5.2%, respectively [51–52]. The differences in seroprevalence reported by these studies may be attributed to the various serodiagnostic techniques and cut-off values employed [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Endemicity of Toxoplasma infection and its associated risk factors in Cebu, Philippines

et al. 2019

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Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. It is capable of infecting humans and nearly all warm-blooded animals including pigs, but cats are the only known definitive host. This ubiquitous zoonotic pathogen can cause abortion, stillbirth and fetal abnormalities, and has been associated with mental and behavioral changes in humans. Acute infection is potentially fatal in immunocompromised individuals. The present study aimed to assess the Toxoplasma seroprevalence in pigs, humans and cats after its initial reported detection in pigs about three decades ago in Cebu, Philippines. A total of 924 humans, 104 cats and 514 slaughter pigs were tested for antibodies against T . gondii using a commercial latex agglutination test. The results revealed positive detection rates of 26.3% (244/924) for humans, 42.3% (44/104) for cats and 13.4% (69/514) for slaughter pigs. Statistical analyses revealed that the area (P = 0.004), cat ownership ( P = 0.020), the frequency of contact with cats ( P < 0.0001) and consumption of street foods ( P = 0.043) were significantly associated with seropositivity for T . gondii in humans. Meanwhile, the use of litter trays ( P = 0.001) and contact with other animals ( P = 0.007) were significantly associated with seropositivity in cats. The odds ratio for selected significant factors revealed that living in suburban areas (OR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.20–2.31), owning a cat (OR 1.482, 95% CI: 1.07–2.07) and eating street foods (OR 1.585, 95% CI: 1.01–2.48) were associated with an increased risk of T . gondii exposure in humans. In cats, the use of a litter tray (OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.73–11.71) was associated with an increased risk of exposure. None of the profile parameters were found to be significantly associated with seropositivity in slaughter pigs ( P > 0.05). This study is the first report of the serological detection of T . gondii in humans and cats in Cebu, Philippines, and the first assessment of the prevalence of the parasite in pigs in the area since its initial detection in 1982. This is also the first report documenting the seropositivity of T . gondii in pregnant women in the country. The confirmed seropositivity of T . gondii in Cebu, Philippines, in the present study implies the endemicity of toxoplasmosis in this area and highlights the need for routine testing and increased public awareness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Endemicity of Toxoplasma infection and its associated risk factors in Cebu, Philippines

et al. 2019

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“…The prevalence of T. gondii in Indonesia, one of the strongly affected countries, is estimated to be around 50% [69]. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 62.5% (394/630) and 67.7% (107/158) in Central Java and Yogyakarta, respectively [69,70]. In North Sulawesi there was also a high prevalence (58.5%; 501/856) in humans, and 2.3% in pigs [69].…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 62.5% (394/630) and 67.7% (107/158) in Central Java and Yogyakarta, respectively [69,70]. In North Sulawesi there was also a high prevalence (58.5%; 501/856) in humans, and 2.3% in pigs [69]. Seroprevalence was 14.6% in pigs and 7.4% in cattle in West Java [71].…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Parasite Infections in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Lee

Ryu

2019

Korean J Parasitol

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Indonesia and South Korea have become inseparable in various respects since the 2 countries established diplomatic relation in 1973. Indonesia is a tropical region that stretches across the equator, comprised of 5 main islands (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua) and 4 archipelagoes (Riau, Bangka Belitung, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku). As most population of Eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Papua and Nusa Tenggara & Maluku) live in poor areas, it is expected that there will be many parasites. Nevertheless, little is known about the status of parasites in Indonesia. This study examines the prevalences of malaria and lymphatic filaria, which are prevalent in Indonesia, as well as those of soiltransmitted-helminths (STH). As a result, the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax case loads are almost equal. The current prevalence of P. vivax is uniformly low (< 5%) in all age groups and annual parasite incidence (API) showed decreasing tendency as 0.84 per 1,000 population in 2016. However, more than 65 million people still live in malaria epidemic regions. Lymphatic filariasis remains an important public health problem and 236 cities were classified as endemic areas in 514 cities/districts in 2017. It is difficult to ascertain the current prevalence rate of STH in Indonesia, although West Sumba and Southwest Sumba in East Nusa Tenggara reported prevalence rate of more than 20%. The study also considers the (sero) prevalences of other parasites identified in Indonesia. This report should be useful not only to parasitologists but also to travelers and people with business in Indonesia.

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“…Di Indonesia, sekitar 2-51% penduduknya mengalami infeksi toksoplasmosis yang terbagi di beberapa daerah yaitu 58% di Sulawesi Utara, 10-12% di Jakarta, 9% di Surabaya, 20% di Yogyakarta, 2% di Boyolali, 51% di Jawa Barat, 9% di Sumatera Utara, 3% di Kalimantan Barat, 31% di Kalimantan Selatan, 27% di Sulawesi Tengah dan 16% di Palu (7). Sebanyak 41% wanita usia subur di Puskesmas Simpang Kawat Jambi diketahui terinfeksi toksoplasmosis kronis karena memiliki nilai IgG yang positif.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki iklim tropis dengan suhu udara relatif stabil serta kelembaban yang tinggi. Kondisi udara yang seperti ini sangat cocok untuk pertumbuhan berbagai macam parasit dan jamur (7). Indonesia memiliki kondisi udara yang cocok untuk sporulasi ookista Toxoplasma gondii berkembang menjadi infektif di lingkungan dan menjadi sumber kontaminasi makanan bagi manusia dan hewan (31).…”

Section: Sanitasi Kandang Dengan Infeksi Toksoplasmosis Kronisunclassified

Chronic Toxoplasmosis Infection in Members of Cat Breeding Organization in Surabaya

Marthalia

2020

JKL

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Intoduction: The cat breeder every day began by feeding, bathing, cutting the nails and cleaning the cage. This activity presented a health risk for breeders to be infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This study aims to analyze the incidence of chronic toxoplasmosis infection in cat breeders in Surabaya. Method: This type of research was observational with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 19 respondents involved in this study came from members of the cat breeder organization. Sampling using a simple random sampling method. Respondent information data in the form of cat hygiene, cage sanitation, and personal hygiene were collected through an interview and observation process. Meanwhile, to find out toxoplasmosis infection, a blood sample serology test was performed at the Clinical Laboratory. Data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive methods to see a picture of each variable with a toxoplasmosis infection. Result and Discussion: Serological test results showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection was 58%. Chronic toxoplasmosis infection of 62% occurred in owners with poor hygiene of drums and 91% occurred in owners with poor personal hygiene. Conclusion: As a preventive measure against the risk of infection, breeders of cats need to always maintain the sanitation of the cage, such as frequent cleaning of the cage, cat feces and cleaning the floor around the cage so that infective oocysts do not multiply around the cage area. Also, must use personal protective equipment and wash your hands after contact with cats.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in humans and pigs in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Endemicity of Toxoplasma infection and its associated risk factors in Cebu, Philippines

Endemicity of Toxoplasma infection and its associated risk factors in Cebu, Philippines

Current Status of Parasite Infections in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Chronic Toxoplasmosis Infection in Members of Cat Breeding Organization in Surabaya

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