Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Brucellosis is an infectious and widespread zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and can induce considerable human suffering and huge economic losses in animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ethiopia. PubMed, Science Direct, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were used to search the articles. All references were screened and articles, which reported seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ethiopia were included in the study. Meta-analysis using random-effects models was made to calculate the pooled seroprevalence of brucellosis. This review included 15 papers. The estimated pooled seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 3.0% (95% CI: 2.0, 4.0). The subgroup analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association between the disease and geographical location, setting, laboratory technique employed and study years. Also, there was some evidence of publication bias (Egger's test, p = 0.0003) on studies reporting the prevalence of brucellosis in Ethiopia. This review proves a high seroprevalence of brucellosis in the country and appropriate control strategies are recommended. Moreover, further study on the risk factors is also required to develop cost-effective preventive strategies.

Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in selected sites of Central Oromia, Ethiopia

“…In the present study, a strong association was observed between human brucellosis and handling of parturient materials, drinking raw milk, drinking raw milk from aborted animals, and drinking raw milk from cows with RFM, which is in agreement with studies conducted by [ 36 , 37 ]. The possible reason for this may be that in our study areas most of the participants drank raw milk, including raw milk from aborted and retained fetal membrane cows as it was assessed with interview questions.…”

“…The clinical manifestations pertaining to human brucellosis found in this study were similar to previous findings reported by [ 9 , 36 , 38 ]. Apart from general clinical manifestations, participants with a history of testicular swelling had a statistically significant association with Brucella seroprevalence.…”

“…A total of 267 cattle owners and 17 government farm workers were interviewed to assess their awareness levels regarding animal management, brucellosis and occupational risks using structured interview questions. Knowledge of diseases is a crucial step in the development of prevention and control measures [ 36 ]. Despite the huge efforts of the government and non-government institutions to improve animal production in the areas, general knowledge of brucellosis among the farmers was still poor.…”

Epidemiological survey of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis in the northwest region of the State of Paraná, in the period from 2018 to 2021

“…Estudos em outros países também demonstram diferentes taxas de detecção, Marrocos 1,9% prevalência de brucelose e 9% tuberculose (Azami et al, 2018), África 8,68% brucelose e 6,86% para tuberculose (Chidumayo, 2021), Etiópia 3,0% brucelose (Tesfaye et al, 2021), Iran 7% para brucelose (Mirnejad et al, 2017) e China com soroprevalência geral de 1,9%, de 2008 a 2018 para brucelose em rebanhos leiteiros passando de 1,6% em 2008-2012 para 2,6% em 2013-2018 (Ran et al, 2019), sendo apontado pelos autores as principais causas para ocorrência das infecções, a não fiscalização de rebanhos, a movimentação de animais sem atestado sanitário, introdução de novos bovinos nas propriedades e sistemas de criação intensiva.…”

Risk Factors and Occurrence of Bovine Brucellosis in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

“…Bovine brucellosis is considered a widespread zoonosis by the World Health Organization and the Office International des Epizooties because it causes veterinary, public health and economic challenges in developing countries across the world (Tesfaye, 2021;Negash and Dubie, 2021;Lukambagire et al 2021). Bovine brucellosis causes substantial losses in dairy and beef cattle farms through reproductive inefficiencies and pregnancy loses.…”