Seroprevalence and Sources of Toxoplasmosis among Orang Asli (Indigenous) Communities in Peninsular Malaysia

Ngui, Romano; Lim, Yvonne A. L.; Amir, Noor Farah Hani; Nissapatorn, Veeranoot; Mahmud, Rohela

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0058

Cited by 27 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the other hand the highest (05 %) sero-positivity for IgG+IgM is seen in age group16-30 and 46-60. The work of Ngui is in agreement with the present results (Table 3), who also recorded highest IgG sero-positivity than IgM and IgG+IgM [34]. While Mohan reported highest (10%) IgM positivity in 6-12 years age group in urban area and 17.7% highest IgM positivity in age less than or equal to 05 years in the rural area [35].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Transmissionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Chromatographic immunoassay based detection of human toxoplasmosis in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan

Shah

Zahid

Hussain

et al. 2017

PAB

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This study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of human Toxoplasmosis in district Mardan, Pakistan. A total of 600 human blood samples were collected by random sampling method. Blood samples were analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii infection and anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies by using Latex agglutination test (LAT) and Chromatographic technique, respectively. Out of 600 individuals, 105 (17.5%) were sero-positive for T. gondii. Males showed slightly higher (18.4%) prevalence as compared to female (16%), but statistically the difference was non-significant (X 2 = 0.394, P = 0.5302). Sero-prevalence was high (29.41%) in age group 31-45 years and lowest (10%) in age group ≤1-15years. A non-significant difference (P > 0.05) of sero-positivity was observed between rural (18.06%) and urban (15.56%) areas. Seropositivity for IgG was high (24%) in age group 31-45. IgM anti-body showed highest seropositivity (14%) in age group 61-75. Of various risk factors, a significant association (P = 0.0001) was found between sero-positivity and no hand washing after contact with animal, soil or other contaminated objects. However, there was no significant relation between sero-positivity of T. gondii and educational status of subjects (p>0.05).

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Section: Risk Factors For Transmissionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Chromatographic immunoassay based detection of human toxoplasmosis in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan

Shah

Zahid

Hussain

et al. 2017

PAB

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“…Toxoplasmosis is not exclusive to marginalized communities, but it may have a greater impact on such communities for the reasons argued below. Studies in Malaysia have reported infections (seroprevalence) in healthy individuals (13.9–30.2%) [32–34], pregnant women (23.0–31.6%) [35–38], HIV patients (21.0–41.2%) [20, 39–41], newborn babies (2.0%) [42] and indigenous communities (10.6–37.0%) [43, 44]. In Southeast Asia, seroprevalence varies from < 2% up to 70% [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic determinants of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in migrant workers of Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe number of migrants working in Malaysia has increased sharply since the 1970’s and there is concern that infectious diseases endemic in other (e.g. neighbouring) countries may be inadvertently imported. Compulsory medical screening prior to entering the workforce does not include parasitic infections such as toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia by means of serosurveys conducted on a voluntary basis among low-skilled and semi-skilled workers from five working sectors, namely, manufacturing, food service, agriculture and plantation, construction and domestic work.MethodsA total of 484 migrant workers originating from rural locations in neighbouring countries, namely, Indonesia (n = 247, 51.0%), Nepal (n = 99, 20.5%), Bangladesh (n = 72, 14.9%), India (n = 52, 10.7%) and Myanmar (n = 14, 2.9%) were included in this study.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 57.4% (n = 278; 95% CI: 52.7–61.8%) with 52.9% (n = 256; 95% CI: 48.4–57.2%) seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG only, 0.8% (n = 4; 95% CI: 0.2–1.7%) seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM only and 3.7% (n = 18; 95% CI: 2.1–5.4%) seropositive with both IgG and IgM antibodies. All positive samples with both IgG and IgM antibodies showed high avidity (> 40%), suggesting latent infection. Age (being older than 45 years), Nepalese nationality, manufacturing occupation, and being a newcomer in Malaysia (excepting domestic work) were positively and statistically significantly associated with seroprevalence (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that better promotion of knowledge about parasite transmission is required for both migrant workers and permanent residents in Malaysia. Efforts should be made to encourage improved personal hygiene before consumption of food and fluids, thorough cooking of meat and better disposal of feline excreta from domestic pets.

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“…The most common feature is focal retinitis or chorioretinitis, where it can manifest as either localized necrotizing retinitis with inflammation of subjacent choroid or an active creamy-white focal retinal lesion 6. In Malaysia, the seroprevalence of T. gondii is estimated to be around 37.0% for antitoxoplasmosis antibodies 7. Serological testing for specific antibodies has been used as laboratory evidence of the disease, but titration of these antibodies has low reliability in ocular toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological IgG avidity test for ocular toxoplasmosis

Suresh¹,

Nor-Masniwati²,

Nor-Idahriani³

et al. 2012

OPTH

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin (Ig) G avidity of serological toxoplasmosis testing in patients with ocular inflammation and to determine the clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients presenting with ocular inflammation to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia between 2005 and 2009 was undertaken. Visual acuity, clinical manifestations at presentation, toxoplasmosis antibody testing, and treatment records were analyzed.ResultsA total of 130 patients with ocular inflammation were reviewed retrospectively. The patients had a mean age of 38.41 (standard deviation 19.24, range 6–83) years. Seventy-one patients (54.6%) were found to be seropositive, of whom five (3.8%) were both IgG and IgM positive (suggestive of recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis) while one (0.8%) showed IgG avidity ≤40% (suggestive of recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis) and 65 patients (50.0%) showed IgG avidity >40% (suggestive of reactivation of toxoplasmosis infection). Chorioretinal scarring as an ocular manifestation was significantly more common in patients with seropositive toxoplasmosis (P = 0.036). Eighteen patients (13.8%) were diagnosed as having recent and/or active ocular toxoplasmosis based on clinical manifestations and serological testing.ConclusionOcular toxoplasmosis is a clinical diagnosis, but specific toxoplasmosis antibody testing helps to support the diagnosis and to differentiate between reactivation of infection and recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis.

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Seroprevalence and Sources of Toxoplasmosis among Orang Asli (Indigenous) Communities in Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Chromatographic immunoassay based detection of human toxoplasmosis in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan

Chromatographic immunoassay based detection of human toxoplasmosis in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan

Socio-demographic determinants of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in migrant workers of Peninsular Malaysia

Serological IgG avidity test for ocular toxoplasmosis

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