Serological detection of antibodies to Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia canis and of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs from Costa Rica

Mon­te­n­e­gro, Víc­tor M.; Bonilla, Marta C.; Kaminsky, Darwin; Romero-Zúñiga, Juan José; Siebert, Susanne; Krämer, Friederike

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.009

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…and Anaplasma spp. were considerably higher than those recently reported for Costa Rica (38.2% and 6.4%, respectively [ 9 ]) and Mexico (30.8% and 9.9%, respectively [ 14 ]). This could be due to the fact that dogs were only sampled in western parts of Nicaragua, characterized by less rainfall and a higher human population density than the hot and humid Caribbean lowlands in the eastern part of the country.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…For Central America, prevalence data on canine vector-borne diseases are relatively scarce. In recent years, surveys have been published for Costa Rica [ 9 – 11 ] and Panama [ 12 , 13 ], demonstrating a high prevalence of Ehrlichia spp., followed by Anaplasma spp. infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infections. Furthermore, Dirofilaria immitis infections were detected in Costa Rica, with a high regional prevalence in provinces along the Pacific coast [ 9 , 11 ]. Comparable prevalence rates for Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and current infections of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua

et al. 2018

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BackgroundVector-borne diseases constitute a major problem for veterinary and public health, especially in tropical regions like Central America. Domestic dogs may be infected with several vector-borne pathogens of zoonotic relevance, which may also severely compromise canine health.MethodsTo assess the prevalence of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua, 329 dogs from seven cities, which were presented to the veterinarian for various reasons, were included in this study. Dogs were examined clinically and diagnostic blood samples were taken for analysis of packed cell volume (PCV) and presence of microfilariae as well as antigen of Dirofilaria immitis and antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) by use of a commercially available rapid ELISA. To detect current infections, specific PCRs for the detection of E. canis, A. platys and A. phagocytophilum were carried out on blood samples of the respective seropositive dogs. Microfilaremic blood samples, as well as D. immitis antigen positive samples were further subjected to PCR and subsequent sequencing for filarial species identification.ResultsAntibodies against Ehrlichia spp. were present in 62.9% of dogs, while Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence was 28.6%. Antibodies against species of both genera were detected in 24.9% of dogs. Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) antibodies were not detected. Dirofilaria immitis antigen was present in six animals (1.8%), two of which also showed D. immitis microfilariae in buffy coat. In addition to D. immitis, Acanthocheilonema reconditum was identified by PCR and sequencing in two of four additional microfilaremic blood samples, which were tested negative for D. immitis antigen. Current E. canis infections as defined by DNA detection were present in 58.5% of Ehrlichia-seropositive dogs, while 5.3% of Anaplasma-seropositive dogs were PCR-positive for A. platys, 2.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 16.0% for both Anaplasma species. Current E. canis infection had a statistically significant negative impact on PCV, whereas no relationship between infection status and clinical signs of disease could be observed.ConclusionsThese results indicate that canine vector-borne diseases are widespread in Nicaragua and that dogs may constitute a reservoir for human infection with E. canis, A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis. Thus, the use of repellents or acaricides to protect dogs from vector-borne diseases is strongly recommended.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and current infections of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua

et al. 2018

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“…These results contribute to determining the negative relationship between feral dogs and wild animals of REPSA regarding disease transmission. Ehrlichia canis (the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis) is the main rickettsial agent registered in dogs of the Neotropical region, with prevalence ranging between 15 and 70% (BARRANTES-GONZÁLEZ et al, 2016;MONTENEGRO et al, 2017;ROTONDANO et al, 2017;GEIGER et al, 2018;PAULINO et al, 2018). Clinical signs of an E. canis infection can be variable, depending on the strain, the immune response of the dog, and the presence of concomitant infections with other tick or flea-borne pathogens (SAINZ et al, 2015), however, no clinical signs were observed in the animals captured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Bartonella, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma in feral dogs of El Pedregal de San Angel Ecological Reserve in Mexico City

Arenas

Gil-Alarcón

Sánchez‐Montes

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Free-ranging and feral dogs represent a group of unattended companion animals. They impact wild animal populations by predating native species, displacing predators and introducing exotic pathogens. The aim of this work was to describe the molecular occurrence of Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Mycoplasma and Bartonella in feral dogs. The study was carried out in the last relict of a protected area in Mexico City. Blood clots samples from 19 dogs were obtained and analyzed for detection of specific fragments of the 16S-rRNA gene for Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma and citrate synthase (gltA) for Bartonella and Rickettsia. Our results showed that DNA from three bacteria species (Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis and Mycoplasma haemocanis) was present with frequencies ranging from 5.3 to 15.8%. This is the first record of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and M. haemocanis in dogs from México, and also the first finding of Ehrlichia canis in Mexico City. It is important to perform surveillance of feral dog populations in order to identify the impact of these pathogens on wild animal populations and Public Health in order to establish prevention and protection programs.

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“…The prevalence of D. immitis was obviously difference between cats aged ≥3 years and<3 years (23/6, 8.0%/1.6%, P <0.01, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08–0.44), and the prevalence of D. immitis in feral cats was significantly higher than in domestic cats (24/5, 8.4%/1.4%, P <0.01, OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06–0.36). One possible reason is that domestic cats spent more time indoors as pets than feral cats, so feral cats could be exposed for a longer time to mosquitoes, with a consequently higher chance of being bitten by the mosquitoes [ 25 , 26 ]. The prevalence of D. immitis in different rearing conditions by age and gender group between domestic cats and feral cats is shown in Table 1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China

et al. 2017

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The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Dirofilaria immitis infection in cats from Liaoning province, northeastern China. From October 2014 to September 2016, sera of 651 cats, including 364 domestic cats and 287 feral cats (332 females and 319 males) were assessed. They were tested for the presence of D. immitis antigen using SNAP Heartworm RT test kit. In this population, the average prevalence was 4.5%. Age and rearing conditions (feral or domestic) were found to be associated with the prevalence of D. immitis. The prevalence was significantly higher in feral cats compared with domestic cats (8.4% vs 1.4%, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between males and females (4.7% vs 4.2%, P>0.05), but older cats (≥3 years old) showed a statistically higher prevalence compared with younger cats (<3 years old) in feral populations (16.8 vs 2.4%, P<0.01), while the difference between the age groups was not statistically significant in domestic cats (2.4% vs 0.51%, P>0.05), all these results suggest that outdoor exposure time may be one of the most important factors for D. immitis prevalence in cats. Results reveal that D. immitis are prevalence in domestic and feral cats in northeastern China, which indicates that appropriate preventive measures should be taken to decrease the incidence of feline heartworm disease in Liaoning province, northeastern China.

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Serological detection of antibodies to Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia canis and of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs from Costa Rica

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

Seroprevalence and current infections of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua

Seroprevalence and current infections of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua

Molecular detection of Bartonella, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma in feral dogs of El Pedregal de San Angel Ecological Reserve in Mexico City

Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China

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