Serological and molecular diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian endemic area: one out of five seronegative dogs are infected

Lopes, Eliane Marta Teixeira; Sevá, Anaiá da Paixão; Ferreira, Fernando; Nunes, Cáris Maroni; Keid, Lara Borges; Hiramoto, Roberto Mitsuyoshi; Ferreira, Helena Lage; Oliveira, Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa; Bigotto, M. F. D; Galvis-Ovallos, Fredy; Galati, Eunice Aparecida Bianchi; Soares, Rodrigo Martins

doi:10.1017/s0950268817001443

Cited by 40 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…O DPP é um procedimento que não requer equipamentos e suprimentos especializados e utiliza pequenas amostras de sangue. Já do ponto de vista da saúde pública, os resultados positivos em testes sorológicos são utilizados como critério, de acordo com o PCVLV, para indicação de eutanásia em cães reagentes (2,17) .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…No entanto, esses testes sorológicos apresentam limitações importantes, como reações cruzadas − que permanecem controversas − com parasitas Trypanosoma, espécies de leishmaniose cutânea e outros hemoparasitas (Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum), bem como resultados falso-negativos em casos de anergia ou baixos títulos (reações duvidosas) (18) . Ainda, estudos com o uso do método molecular (PCR) para detecção de Leishmania chagasi demonstraram ser essenciais para o diagnóstico acurado da LVC, especialmente em cães assintomáticos provenientes de áreas não endêmicas, nas quais os testes sorológicos não conseguiram acusar um número expressivo de animais infectados (19,6% -falso-negativos) (17,19) .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Ribeiro¹,

Gonçalves

Cruz³

et al. 2019

Ciênc. anim. bras.

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Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em área periurbana com foco de transmissão no Distrito Federal (DF) e também avaliar a prevalência de coinfecções como dirofilariose, anaplasmose, erliquiose e doença de Lyme em cães sororreagentes para LVC. Inicialmente, amostras de soros dos cães da área de estudo foram testadas à reação imunocromatográfica que contém dois antígenos recombinantes ̶ rK39 e rK26 − (DPP) para Leishmania sp. O soro dos animais reagentes ao teste de DPP foi confirmado para LVC com ELISA. As amostras reagentes a ambos os testes foram analisadas para possíveis coinfecções através do teste de SNAP (IDEXX 4Dx Plus). Foram avaliados 240 cães, dos quais 132 (55%) obtiveram resultados reagentes para DPP e para ELISA concomitantemente, sendo diagnosticados com LVC. Destes, 26 (20%) foram reagentes para Ehrlichia canis ou E. ewangii, 9 (7%) apresentaram positividade para Anaplasma phagocytophilum ou A. platys e, nessas amostras que se apresentaram reagentes, observou-se a ocorrência de coinfecção de anaplasmose, erliquiose e leishmaniose em 3 (2,3%) animais. Verificou-se alta prevalência da LVC na região periurbana do DF, destacando-se a necessidade de diagnóstico mais preciso quanto a coinfecções que possivelmente podem influenciar no prognóstico e manifestação do quadro clínico desses pacientes.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Ribeiro¹,

Gonçalves

Cruz³

et al. 2019

Ciênc. anim. bras.

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“…The current study confirms the recommendation of the MS to reassess dogs with reagent results in DPP  and undetermined in ELISA, therefore, the only dog in the sample that presented this result, serum converted four months after the first evaluation. Lopes et al (2017) observed that the serological protocol has a low detection capacity of L. infantum when compared with the molecular method (PCR) yet has good ability to identify infected animals correctly. In fact, in this study, we were able to confirm L. infantum infection in a sample of ten dogs out of a total of 21 CVL positive serum animals in both serological methods employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the euthanasia of seropositive dogs for canine visceral leishmaniasis as the only method of controling the disease in the enzootic area in the Midwestern Minas Gerais

et al. 2020

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Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding, and it is distributed in the five geographic regions of Brazil, with the Northeast being the region that presents the most significant number of registered cases. The main urban reservoir of the etiological agent of VL is the domestic dog, and it is known that canine cases precede human cases. One of the control actions of VL, recommended by the Ministry of Health, is performing the euthanasia of seropositive dogs. In 2013, in the municipality of Iguatama/MG, the first canine serological survey was carried out in the city, with a prevalence of 8.3% of seropositive dogs for Leishmania infantum. Of the seropositive animals for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) in this survey, 84% were euthanized, and 16% died within two years after diagnosis. No other control measures for CVL were taken in the municipality. The objectives of the present study were to determine the current prevalence of seropositive dogs for CVL in the municipality of Iguatama and to observe the impact of euthanasia of seropositive dogs to VL as the only control measure performed in this municipality, which is considered an enzootic area of the disease. For this, a new canine epidemiological survey was carried out in the municipality of Iguatama, following the guidelines of the Manual of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Blood samples were collected from 270 dogs and tested by DPP® immunochromatographic test and by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The animals that presented inconclusive results had new blood samples collected and analyzed. The only animal that showed a positive result in DPP® and undetermined in the ELISA, in the first evaluation, became seropositive four months later, so this study reinforces the recommendation of the Ministry of Health to reassess dogs that present inconclusive results for CVL. From a total of 270 samples, 21 (7.8%) were reagents in both tests. Thus, the prevalence of seropositive dogs for CVL, in 2017, in the urban area of the municipality of Iguatama was 7.8%. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) molecular technique confirmed infection by L. infantum in the ten dogs sampled with CVL-positive serology. The comparison between the current prevalence (after euthanasia) with that found in 2013 (8.3%), there was no significant difference (p=0.764). The prevalence of CVL in the urban area of the municipality of Iguatama is still high, making it possible to presume that the euthanasia of seropositive dogs for CVL, and the absence of monitoring or other interventions measures, did not contribute to decrease the transmission of the parasite and was not sufficient for the control of CVL in the municipality of Iguatama, an area considered as non-endemic to CVL until 2013.

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“…In a recent paper, we have evaluated the diagnostic tests employed here: 975 dogs from this population were surveyed by using TR-DPP, qPCR-BL and qPCR-LN for the diagnosis of VL. When TR-DPP-negative dogs were tested by qPCR applied in blood and lymph node aspirates, 174/887 (19·6%) were positive in at least one sample [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine effectiveness and use of collar impregnated with insecticide for reducing incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs in an endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis, in Brazil

et al. 2018

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Although a national programme for control of visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is being run in Brazil, the disease continues to spread. This programme is essentially based on culling infected dogs from endemic regions. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop other control measures against VL to deter its advance. Here, a subunit vaccine, a recombinant vaccine, an insecticide-impregnated collar and the associations between these measures were evaluated for reducing the incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs. This was through a cohort study conducted in an endemic region of Brazil, considering the incidence and time of total exposure over a period of 1 year. The incidence of VL was estimated by means of serological and molecular diagnostic tests, 180 and 360 days after the application of the control measures. The estimates of the effectiveness (EF) were not significant in any cohort. The EF of the subunit vaccine, the recombinant vaccine and the collar were 26.4%, 32.8% and 57.7% and the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for EF were 63.7%, 67.9% and 82.5%, respectively. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, none of the immunogens for VL control was sufficiently effective to protect dogs against infection. On the other hand, use of collars impregnated with insecticide seems to constitute a method with better prognosis, corroborating other studies in this field.

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Serological and molecular diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian endemic area: one out of five seronegative dogs are infected

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Evaluation of the euthanasia of seropositive dogs for canine visceral leishmaniasis as the only method of controling the disease in the enzootic area in the Midwestern Minas Gerais

Vaccine effectiveness and use of collar impregnated with insecticide for reducing incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs in an endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis, in Brazil

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