Sero-epidemiology and associated factors of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, comprehensive information about sero-epidemiology of major TTIs is lacking at the national level. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at providing the pooled estimate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods Relevant studies published until May 31, 2019 were searched through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, HINARI, Cochrane database library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google. The methodological quality of articles was assessed using Joanna Brigg’s Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence and analytical studies. The pooled sero-epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis were determined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's statistics. Results A total of 7921 articles were retrieved, and 7798 were screened for eligibility after duplicates removed. Forty-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; of which 45 were eligible for qualitative and quantitative synthesis: categorized as 36, 34, 31 and 23 studies for estimations of HBV, HIV, HCV and syphilis, respectively. In the random-effects model, the pooled sero-epidemiology of HBV, HIV, HCV and syphilis was 5.20, 2.83, 0.93 and 1.50%, respectively. Moreover, being a male blood donor was significantly associated with HBV and syphilis infection, whereas being a replacement blood donor was significantly associated with a high burden of HIV, HBV and HCV infections. Conclusion The pooled sero-epidemiology of major TTIs among blood donors was high. Therefore, there is a need to design prevention and control strategies in a comprehensive approach to reduce the burden.

Seroprevalence, trends, and risk factors of hepatitis B and C among family replacement blood donors; a 7-year retrospective study at Sunyani Municipal Hospital, Ghana

“…Conversely, the burden of HCV infection is estimated at 200 million cases globally, of which 85% are long-term carriers who are likely to develop cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver [9]. Consequently, infections resulting from both HBV and HCV account for over 1 million deaths annually [10].…”

Prevalence and incidence of transfusion‐transmissible infections among blood donors in Malawi: A population‐level study

“…First, the testing algorithm did not include confirmatory testing which might have inflated the prevalence and incidence due to false reactives. Seroprevalence and incidence rates observed in Malawian blood donor population were similar to those reported in previous studies in Malawi and other countries 38 . Second, we used a routine program dataset that had incomplete data for 2016 blood donation figures compared to the annual program report, 39 likely due to the database migration to a new system.…”

Demographic Factors Among HIV Confirmed Blood Donors from 2013 to 2021 in Shenzhen

“…8,9 In the past, there were many articles about the seroprevalence of HIV among blood donors. 10,11 But in recent years, many researchers have focused on the prevalence of HIV based on the positive result for NAT or WB. [12][13][14] Because the positive result of ELISA is not sufficient to indicate that the blood donor is HIV-infected, the positive result of WB can prove that the blood donor is infected with HIV.…”