Sequence determination of the nucleocapsid protein gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus confirms that this virus is a coronavirus related to human coronavirus 229E and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence of 1.7 kbp cDNA, comprising the region nearest the 3' end of the genome of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), has been independently determined for two European isolates of PEDV. Almost identical results were obtained for the two isolates, which were derived from cases of PEDV infection in Belgium and Britain in 1977 and 1987, respectively. The sequences contained a 1323 nucleotide (nt) open reading frame (ORF), which showed moderate identity to the nucleocapsid (N) gene of other coronaviruses. The greatest similarity at both the nucleic acid and protein levels was to the human coronavirus 229E.The PEDV N gene was, however, notably larger than that of the human 229E and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis viruses. This reflects the presence of a putative insertion of approximately 135 nt located towards the middle of the N gene. A second 336 nt ORF, which might encode a leucine-rich protein similar to, but shorter than, the bovine coronavirus internal protein was found within the PEDV N gene. Several RNA motifs typical of coronaviruses were also observed. These results confirm the earlier provisional classification of PEDV as a coronavirus.

Sequence of the Spike Srotein of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus

“…This confirmed the already observed greater genetic relatedness of PEDV with the TGEV-related subset than with the MHV-related subset and IBV (Bridgen et al, 1993;Duarte et al, 1993a). A multiple alignment of the S protein sequences of PEDV, TGEV, FIPV, CCV and HCV 229E was therefore constructed in order to allow a structural comparison of the molecules (Fig.…”

“…The information recently derived from partial sequencing of the viral RNA of two isolates confirmed its previously tentative classification as a member of the Coronaviridae. Four major open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified in the 4 kilobases nearest to the 3' end of the genome (Bridgen et al, 1993;Duarte et al, 1993a). Three of them encode the distinctive coronavirus structural proteins N (nucleocapsid), sM (small membrane) and M (membrane).…”

“…The pBE8 clone was produced by polymerase chain reaction on reverse transcribed total RNA using pl 2 and p20 primers and blunt-ended-cloning in an EcoRV-cut, non-dephosphorylated pBS SK(-) vector. Primer p12 was derived from a nucleotide stretch present at the 5' end of two previously isolated clones and deduced to be part of the leader sequence (Duarte et al, 1993 a). Further screening of the library with an 800 bp CtaI-EcoRI fragment of pBE8 allowed the isolation of the clones pBEll and pBE13.…”

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus uses cell-surface heparan sulfate as an attachment factor

“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae and subfamily Coronavirinae [9]. PEDV is a single-stranded, enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus with an approximately 28-kb genome, including 5 0 and 3 0 untranslated regions (UTR) and seven known open reading frames (ORFs) [10].…”

Isolation and genetic analysis of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China

“…The disease was first recognized in Correspondence to: R.F. Li, e-mail: lirenfeng@sina.com England in 1971 (Pensaert et al 1978), and since then, outbreaks have been reported in Europe and Asia (Bridgen et al 1993, Puranaveja et al 2009, Chen et al 2010, and more recently in the United States (Wang et al 2014). In China, although a periodic vaccination strategy has been applied nationwide to control the disease in pig farms, PEDV outbreaks have continued to occur causing large financial losses in the Table 1.…”