Septic Arthritis Caused by Kingella kingae

Kingella kingae infections in children

“…Kingella kingae osteomyelitis has been described as a relatively indolent infection with a subacute course, often leading to lengthy delays prior to diagnosis. 2,3,11,15,21–26 In support of this, the average time to diagnosis was 16 days, and fevers above 38°C were documented in only 35%. The mean WCC and ESR were 12.3 × 10 9 /L and 43 mm/h, respectively.…”

“…The mean WCC and ESR were 11.1 × 10 9 /L and 48 mm/h, respectively. The disease was monoarthritic in all cases; the affected joint being the knee in 17, 11,14,16,23,25,35 the hip in eight, 6,11,15,28–35 the ankle in nine, 14–16,28 the wrist in two, 14,36 the shoulder in two, 14 the elbow in two, 15,16 and the sternoclavicular joint and the talocalcaneal joint in one each. 26,28 All except two cases 22,37 were diagnosed by positive synovial fluid culture, the Gram stain of which showed Gram‐negative rods in only four cases.…”

“… 14–16 One case had an accompanying pneumonia. 25 Treatment length varied from 1 week to 8 weeks, with 40% being treated for 2 weeks or less and 45–50% being treated for 3–5 weeks. All had a good outcome.…”

Taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota are associated with cartilage damage independent of adiposity, high fat diet, and joint injury

“…and cartilage damage is a novel association, Kingella spp. are common causes of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children 18 . Rikenella spp.…”

High prevalence of Kingella kingae in joint fluid from children with septic arthritis revealed by the BACTEC blood culture system

“…The true prevalence of the organism is probably higher because of the difficulties in distinguishing it from other components of the resident flora (21). K kingae has not been reported as part of the normal flora or as a cause of infection in lower animals, and thus, the source of human infection appears to be endogenous (36). It has been postulated that, similar to the mechanism described for N. meningitidis infections, K kingae initially colonizes and infects the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.…”