Sepsis: An update in management

Galen, Benjamin T.; Sankey, Christopher

doi:10.1002/jhm.2435

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Neutrophil are the first line of defence in protecting the body from infection. Sepsis is defined as uncontrolled host responses induced by the microbial invasion and failure of neutrophils in the infection sites with dysregulated immune responses to infection has been largely reported previously . Thus, re‐evaluating of the pathophysiology of how sepsis influences the function and migration of neutrophils, as well as the signal pathways involved, may help to develop new and promising treatment strategies for sepsis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Numerous efforts have been made to improve the outcome of sepsis, including the use of standards for the diagnosis of sepsis and supportive therapies according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign , the administration of antibiotics when indicated, and surgical or interventional radiological approaches for eliminating and/or controlling the source of infection . However, sepsis is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients , and patients with sepsis also experienced a longer length of stay with eight times more likely to die during hospitalization than other inpatients . Currently, no specific drugs for sepsis are available, and drotrecogin alfa (recombinant human activated protein C), the only approved drug for severe sepsis treatment, was also withdrawn because it did not significantly reduce mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in several multicenter clinical trials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutrophil dysregulation during sepsis: an overview and update

Shen

Cao

Jiang

et al. 2017

J Cellular Molecular Medi

206

176

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Sepsis remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in critical care, and understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment strategies. No specific therapy or drugs are available for sepsis. Neutrophils play a critical role in controlling infection under normal conditions, and it is suggested that their migration and antimicrobial activity are impaired during sepsis which contribute to the dysregulation of immune responses. Recent studies further demonstrated that interruption or reversal of the impaired migration and antimicrobial function of neutrophils improves the outcome of sepsis in animal models. In this review, we provide an overview of the associated mediators and signal pathways involved which govern the survival, migration and antimicrobial function of neutrophils in sepsis, and discuss the potential of neutrophils as a target to specifically diagnose and/or predict the outcome of sepsis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil dysregulation during sepsis: an overview and update

Shen

Cao

Jiang

et al. 2017

J Cellular Molecular Medi

206

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The incidence of sepsis is high and the mortality rate reaches nearly 20 to 50% [4]. To date, although considerable progress of anti-infective therapy and organ function support technology has been made, severe sepsis and sepsis shock are still a lethal and intractable pathological condition [5]. The pathogenesis of sepsis is still not fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maresin 1 Mitigates Inflammatory Response and Protects Mice from Sepsis

Wang

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

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Sepsis, frequently caused by infection of bacteria, is considered as an uncontrollable systematic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). Maresin 1 (Mar1) is a new proresolving mediator with potent anti-inflammatory effect in several animal models. However, its effect in sepsis is still not investigated. To address this question, we developed sepsis model in BALB/c mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with or without Mar1 treatment. Our data showed that Mar1 markedly improved survival rate and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in CLP mice such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, Mar1 reduced serum level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enhanced the bacteria clearance in mice sepsis model. Moreover, Mar1 attenuated lung injury and decreased level of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine (Cre), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum in mice after CLP surgery. Treatment with Mar1 inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) pathway. In conclusion, Mar1 exhibited protective effect in sepsis by reducing LPS, bacteria burden in serum, inhibiting inflammation response, and improving vital organ function. The possible mechanism is partly involved in inhibition of NF-κb activation.

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“…The resulting conditions of sepsis, which disrupt the homeostasis of inflammatory cells, are associated with the factors that affect the individual defence cells. Thus, in its more advanced stages, the septic syndrome disturbs the body immune system, involving the inflammatory mechanisms and the clotting cascade . Furthermore, this inflammatory response can lead to impairment of the central nervous system (CNS), which can trigger severe behavioural and cognitive changes .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Caffeine on Behavioural and Cognitive Deficits in Rats

Assis

Soares

Sousa

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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There are many studies that have sought to find drug therapies to prevent harm arising from sepsis. Such studies have represented a progress in the support to septic patients and also in the development of new pharmacological alternatives. Our interest was to investigate the caffeine effect on sepsis behavioural and memory impairments. Male rats were anaesthetized and the surgery was made to allow exposure of the caecum, which was then squeezed to extrude a small amount of faeces from the perforation site, which was later placed back into the peritoneal cavity. This procedure, which served to generate experimental sepsis, is herein referred to as ceccum ligation and perforation (CLP). The caffeine (10 mg/kg) was administered by gavage route, once daily, during 7 or 14 consecutive days to investigate the effects of acute or subchronic caffeine treatment on long-term behavioural and cognitive deficits induced by CLP. On the last day, 1 hr after caffeine administration, the animals were submitted to open-field, elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swimming and step-down inhibitory avoidance tests. The results showed that caffeine increased the percentage of open arm entries and open arm time in the EPM test, and reduced the immobility time when compared to the sham-operated group. The caffeine also increased the latency in the inhibitory avoidance test platform. Our results demonstrated that the caffeine improved behavioural changes and improved the neurocognitive deficits of sepsis-surviving animals. It is possible that blockage of the adenosine receptors may be responsible for the results here observed.

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Sepsis: An update in management

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Neutrophil dysregulation during sepsis: an overview and update

Neutrophil dysregulation during sepsis: an overview and update

Maresin 1 Mitigates Inflammatory Response and Protects Mice from Sepsis

Effects of Caffeine on Behavioural and Cognitive Deficits in Rats

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