Separation of Nanoparticles in Aqueous Multiphase Systems through Centrifugation

Akbulut, Özge; Mace, Charles R.; Martínez, Ramsés V.; Kumar, Ashok Ashwin; Nie, Zhihong; Patton, Matthew Reiser; Whitesides, George M.

doi:10.1021/nl301452x

Cited by 191 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Based on the constant buoyancy and density of the solution matrix, we can utilize the centrifugal force from a fixed-angle rotor centrifuge to separate the ENMs from the DNA solution. We are able to effect an almost 100 % separation of ENMs from the DNA solution due to the fact that the DNA solution has a lower density (ρ) than the density of the relevant ENMs (ρ DNA = 1.7 g/cm 3 and ρ AuNPs = 19.3 g/cm 3 , ρ TiO2 NPs = 4.3 g/cm 3 ) [22][23][24][25]. Therefore, the ENMs can be forced to sediment at the bottom of the DNA solution using appropriate centrifugation speeds and times.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/MS Measurement of Nanomaterial- Induced DNA Modifications in Isolated DNA

Nelson¹,

Petersen²,

Dizdaroğlu³

2015

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ii FOREWORD This special publication is one in a series stemming from the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Nano-EHS Research Strategy which identified Nanomaterial Measurement Infrastructure as one of the essential areas of research needed in order to develop an effective risk assessment and management plan regarding various aspects of nanotechnology in consumer products as it pertains to human health, exposure and the environment. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was identified as a lead agency in the development of measurement strategies for the robust development to assess the potential effects of engineered nanomaterials and their fate in the environment. One important endpoint for measuring the potential human health and ecological effects of nanomaterials is the extent of modification that may occur on DNA bases, nucleosides or nucleotides. These modifications are considered to be DNA damage and may be relevant for the risk assessment of nanomaterials in biological systems.The current protocol presents a method to measure DNA 2'-deoxynucleoside lesion levels using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Updates to this protocol may be released in the future. Visit http://nist.gov/mml/np-measurement-protocols.cfm to check for revisions of this protocol, or new protocols in the series. We also encourage users to report citations to published work in which this protocol has been applied.1

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/MS Measurement of Nanomaterial- Induced DNA Modifications in Isolated DNA

Nelson¹,

Petersen²,

Dizdaroğlu³

2015

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“…Several separation and purification methods have been explored in the last years for the characterization of nanostructures after ingestion, passage through GI systems and once incorporated in human fluids. Inorganic nanostructures (e.g., gold and silver) and others from synthetic materials have been the most studied [4,111]. However, few works de-scribe methodologies and useful techniques for separation and purification of bio-based nanostructures.…”

Section: Separation Purification and Characterization Of Bio-based Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Bio-Based Nanostructures: Delivery, Absorption and Potential Toxicity

et al. 2015

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The development of bio-based nanostructures as nanocarriers of bioactive compounds to specific body sites has been presented as a hot topic in food, pharmaceutical and nanotechnology fields. Food and pharmaceutical industries seek to explore the huge potential of these nanostructures, once they can be entirely composed of biocompatible and non-toxic materials. At the same time, they allow the incorporation of lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds protecting them against degradation, maintaining its active and functional performance. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties of such structures (e.g., size and charge) could change significantly their behavior in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The main challenges in the development of these nanostructures are the proper characterization and understanding of the processes occurring at their surface, when in contact with living systems. This is crucial to 2 understand their delivery and absorption behavior as well as to recognize potential toxicological effects. This review will provide an insight into the recent innovations and challenges in the field of delivery via GI tract using bio-based nanostructures. Also, an overview of the approaches followed to ensure an effective deliver (e.g., avoiding physiological barriers) and to enhance stability and absorptive intestinal uptake of bioactive compounds will be provided. Information about nanostructures' potential toxicity and a concise description of the in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies will also be given.

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“…On the other hand, dimers will have twice the molar mass of the monomer and this will overcompensate the increased frictional coefficients, resulting in higher sedimentation coefficients of dimers. It can therefore be expected that the clusters could be separated by density gradient centrifugation [42][43][44] (see supporting information for more details). In 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 velocity data provides the hydrodynamic average values and cannot be well compared to the linear particle dimensions in the dried state as evaluated from the microscopy images.. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24...…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nano-sphere Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Separation, and Hypermethod Characterization of Gold Nanoparticle Dimers Connected by a Rigid Rod Linker

Fruhnert

Kretschmer²,

Geiß³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Bonding individual metallic nanoparticles at small separation distances to let them form dimers and making them available in large quantities is a key requirement for various applications that wish to exploit the tremendous enhancement of electromagnetic fields in plasmonic junctions. Although progress has been witnessed in the past concerning the fabrication of dimers mediated by rigid molecular linkers, the exact bonding mechanism remains unclear.Here, we describe the fabrication of a rigid linker molecule and demonstrate its feasibility to achieve dimers made from closely spaced metallic nanoparticles in large quantities. Although the topography of the dimers proofs the success of the fabrication method, we use what we call a hypermethod characterization approach to study the optical properties of dimers from various perspectives. Measuring the surface enhanced Raman scattering signal of the linker molecule enables tracing directly the optical environment it perceives. By reaching a strong field enhancement in the gap of the dimers, we are able to investigate optical and geometrical properties of the linker. Moreover, upon isolation of the dimers, we use single particle extinction spectroscopy to study the optical response of a fabricated dimer directly. Full wave numerical simulations corroborate the experimental results and provide insights into quantities, which cannot be accessed directly in experiments. The ability to fabricate and to characterize rigidly linked nanoparticles will pave the way towards various plasmonic applications such as sensors, photocatalysis, and plexcitonics.

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Separation of Nanoparticles in Aqueous Multiphase Systems through Centrifugation

Cited by 191 publications

References 23 publications

LC-MS/MS Measurement of Nanomaterial- Induced DNA Modifications in Isolated DNA

LC-MS/MS Measurement of Nanomaterial- Induced DNA Modifications in Isolated DNA

Edible Bio-Based Nanostructures: Delivery, Absorption and Potential Toxicity

Synthesis, Separation, and Hypermethod Characterization of Gold Nanoparticle Dimers Connected by a Rigid Rod Linker

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