Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers

García-Reynoso, José Agustín; Volkamer, Rainer; Molina, Luisa T.; Molina, Mario J.; Samuelson, J.; Mellqvist, J.; Galle, Bo; Herndon, S. C.; Kolb, C. E.

doi:10.5194/acp-6-4545-2006

Cited by 156 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several previous studies in various urban areas (Anderson et al, 1996;Possanzini et al, 1996;Friedfeld et al, 2002;Possanzini et al, 2002;Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006) estimated contributions of primary emissions to the observed HCHO; up to 37% was estimated for the HGA (Friedfeld et al, 2002). The primary HCHO fraction originating from traffic emissions showed strong diurnal variation (Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006) with morning rush hour maxima (up to 100%) and midday minima (down to 20%) as insolation intensity reached a maximum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Since CO is directly being emitted from combustion, CO has previously been used in urban studies to evaluate the traffic exhaust related HCHO emissions (Anderson et al, 1996;Possanzini et al, 1996;Friedfeld et al, 2002;Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006). Dynanometer studies showed that the emission ratio of HCHO/CO is typically 0.001-0.002 ppbv/ppbv for gasoline engine passenger cars, but can be 10× higher for diesel cars depending on driving conditions (Schmitz et al, 1999).…”

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have used CO for estimating the primary HCHO fraction (Possanzini et al, 1996;Anderson et al, 1996;Friedfeld et al, 2002;Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006). For estimating secondary HCHO fractions either ozone (Friedfeld et al, 2002) or glyoxal (CHOCHO) (Garcia et al, 2006) were used.…”

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary HCHO fraction originating from traffic emissions showed strong diurnal variation (Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006) with morning rush hour maxima (up to 100%) and midday minima (down to 20%) as insolation intensity reached a maximum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) is one of the major metropolitan areas in the US that is classified as a nonattainment area of federal ozone standards. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key species in understanding ozone related air pollution; some of the highest HCHO concentrations in North America have been reported for the HGA. We report on HCHO measurements in the HGA from summer 2006. Among several sites, maximum HCHO mixing ratios were observed in the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), a region with a very high density of industrial/petrochemical operations.HCHO levels at the Moody Tower (MT) site close to downtown were dependent on the wind direction: southerly maritime winds brought in background levels (0.5-1 ppbv) while trajectories originating in the HSC resulted in high HCHO (up to 31.5 ppbv). Based on the best multiparametric linear regression model fit, the HCHO levels at the MT site can be accounted for as follows: 38.5±12.3% from primary vehicular emissions (using CO as an index of vehicular emission), 24.1±17.7% formed photochemically (using peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) as an index of photochemical activity) and 8.9±11.2% from industrial emissions (using SO 2 as an index of industrial emissions). The balance 28.5±12.7% constituted the residual which cannot be easily ascribed to the above categories and/or which is transported into the HGA. The CO related HCHO fraction is dominant during the morning rush hour (06:00-09:00 h, all times are given in CDT); on a carbon basis, HCHO emissions are up to 0.7% of the CO emissions. The SO 2 related HCHO Correspondence to: B. Rappenglück (brappenglueck@uh.edu) fraction is significant between 09:00-12:00 h. After 12:00 h HCHO is largely formed through secondary processes. The HCHO/PAN ratios are dependent on the SO 2 levels. The SO 2 related HCHO fraction at the downtown site originates in the ship channel. Aside from traffic-related primary HCHO emissions, HCHO of industrial origin serves as an appreciable source for OH in the morning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

et al. 2010

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“…This topic was further addressed in paper 4 (Garcia et al, 2006), which used ambient glyoxal concentrations, as novel tracer of photochemical activity, along with CO, an exhaust emissions tracer, to estimate that primary (vehicular) emissions were responsible for as much ambient HCHO near within the MCMA urban core as the well known photochemical secondary HCHO source. Paper 9 (Velasco et al, 2007) aggregated mobile laboratory real-time and canister sampled VOC measurements with similar data from a central fixed site to assess the concentration and spatial distributions, diurnal patterns and reactivities of ambient VOCs, allowing an insightful evaluation of the VOC emission inventories for the MCMA.…”

Section: Mcma-2002/2003 Data Analyses and Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) and Secondary PM Precursor Gases in Mexico City

Kolb¹,

Worsnop²,

Canagaratna³

et al. 2008

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Executive SummaryThis project was one of three collaborating grants designed to understand the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol particle microphysics impacting air quality in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and its urban plume. The overall effort, titled MCMA-2006, focused on: 1) the primary emissions of fine particles and precursor gases leading to photochemical production of atmospheric oxidants and secondary aerosol particles and 2) the measurement and analysis of secondary oxidants and secondary fine particular matter (PM) production, with particular emphasis on secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Thirteen archival publications were coauthored with other MCMA-2003 participants. Documented findings included a significantly improved speciated emissions inventory from on-road vehicles, a greatly enhanced understanding of the sources and atmospheric loadings of volatile organic compounds, a unique analysis of the high fraction of ambient formaldehyde from primary emission sources, a much more extensive knowledge of the composition, size distributions and atmospheric mass loadings of both primary and secondary fine PM, including the fact that the rate of MCMA SOA production greatly exceeded that predicted by current atmospheric models, and evaluations of significant errors that can arise from standard air quality monitors for ozone and nitrogen dioxide. MCAMDeployment of the Aerodyne mobile laboratory, equipped with instruments from five collaborating laboratories, at the T0 urban supersite, four downwind sites and the Tula industrial area yielded unique trace gas and fine PM data sets during the March 2006 MAXMex/MILAGRO campaign. In addition, on-road measurements as the mobile laboratory moved between sites provided extensive data on 2006 MCMA fleet averaged vehicle emissions. Analyses of 2006 data sets have yielded the identification of a close correlation between the rate of production of SOA and "Odd Oxygen" (O 3 + NO 2 ) and primary organic PM with CO in the MCMA urban plume, a more sophisticated understanding of the interplay between nitrogen oxide speciation and ozone production, the identification of significant vehicular emission sources of HCN and CH 3 CN (usually associated with biomass burning), characterization of the aging of primary carbonaceous PM, and updated 2006 MCMA fleet on-road trace gas and fine PM emissions.Results from analyses of 2002/2003 and 2006 emissions and ambient measurements have conveyed to Mexican air quality managers who are using these data to devise and assess air quality management strategies. All data sets and published analyses are available to DOE/ASP researchers evaluating the impact of urban emissions on regional climate.2

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Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

et al. 2014

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The Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP) was a field campaign developed by the Houston Advanced Research Center on behalf of the Texas Environmental Research Consortium. SHARP capitalized on previous research associated with the Second Texas Air Quality Study and the development of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) ozone nonattainment area. These earlier studies pointed to an apparent deficit in ozone production in the SIP attainment demonstration model despite the enhancement of simulated emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in accordance with the findings of the original Texas Air Quality Study in 2000. The scientific hypothesis underlying the SHARP campaign was that there are significant undercounted primary and secondary sources of the radical precursors, formaldehyde, and nitrous acid, in both heavily industrialized and more typical urban areas of Houston. These sources, if properly taken into account, could increase the production of ozone in the SIP model and the simulated efficacy of control strategies designed to bring the HGB area into ozone attainment. This overview summarizes the precursor studies and motivations behind SHARP, as well as the overall experimental design and major findings of the 2009 field campaign. These findings include significant combustion sources of formaldehyde at levels greater than accounted for in current point source emission inventories; the underestimation of formaldehyde and nitrous acid emissions, as well as CO/NO x and NO 2 /NO x ratios, by mobile source models; and the enhancement of nitrous acid by atmospheric organic aerosol.

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Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers

Cited by 156 publications

References 33 publications

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) and Secondary PM Precursor Gases in Mexico City

Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

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Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers

Cited by 156 publications

References 33 publications

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) and Secondary PM Precursor Gases in Mexico City

Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed