Separation and Pulsed Amperometric Detection of Alditols and Carbohydrates by Anion-Exchange Chromatography Using Alkaline Mobile Phases Modified with Ba(II), Sr(II), and Ca(II) Ions

Abstract

The effect of some divalent nonelectroactive cations (DNCs) in the anion-exchange chromatographic separations with alkaline mobile phases of carbohydrates and alditols was investigated; the ions examined at a typical concentration of 1 mM were Ca(II), Ba(II), and Sr(II). The use of these cations in the eluent as their corresponding acetates or nitrates has been found to yield at least a two-fold effect. First, the peak symmetry and concurrently the column efficiency is greatly improved. Second, the presence of Ba(II) or Sr(II) significantly enhances the response of all analytes investigated in pulsed amperometry at a gold working electrode. The action of the DNCs on the separation seems to be related to a very effective removal of carbonate ion from the alkaline eluent and, especially, their ability to complex cyclic and acyclic polyhydroxy compounds. Efficiency estimated from data calculated at 10% of peak height can increase by as much as 25% with a comparably lower RSD (15%, n = 9). From the viewpoint of the separation efficiency and reproducibility of chromatographic data, all divalent inorganic ions employed were well-behaved. However, only the use of Ba(II) or Sr(II) is recommended since alkaline mobile phases containing Ca(II) ion negatively affect the gold electrode response of some analytes.

Direct and simultaneous determination of amino acids and sugars in rice wine by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection

“…Separations and determinations of carbohydrates are performed mainly by gas chromatography with derivatization [17], high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection or derivative spectrophotometric detection [18], high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection [19,20], and capillary electrophoresis [21,22]. In these methods derivatization is usually used and a method can determine one kind of compound only amino acids or sugars.…”

A flexible ion chromatography column-switching system with a switching time window (STW) calibration program for the determination of myo-inositol in infant formula by pulsed amperometric detection

“…However, complex matrices result in poor chromatographic resolution and detector sensitivity. Ion chromatography coupled to a pulsed amperometric detector 7,8 has become one of the most used methods for carbohydrate analysis due to its high separation capacity, powerful detection sensitivity and no requirement for sample derivatization. In this method, carbohydrates are electrocatalytically oxidized at high pH on the surface of a gold working electrode by applying the appropriate potential.…”

Determination of Maltitol, Isomaltitol, and Lactitol by High-pH Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection

“…Good resolution of commonly occurring carbohydrates in dietetic foodstuffs was obtained upon optimization of the alkaline eluent composition. Efficiency and reproducibility of the chromatographic results were significantly improved by addition of barium ions to the mobile phase as has been previously described (Cataldi et al, 1997b). We determined the linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility of response, and limits of detection.…”