Separation and determination of norepinephrine, epinephrine and isoprinaline enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum

Abstract

A capillary electrophoresis method with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and optimized for the enantiomer separation of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP) and isoprenaline (IP) using dual cyclodextrins (CDs) of 2-hydroxypropyl-␤-CD (HP-␤-CD) and heptakis (2,6-di-o-methyl)-␤-CD (DM-␤-CD) as chiral selectors. Optimal separation was obtained using a running buffer of 50 mM phosphate containing 30 mM HP-␤-CD and 5 mM DM-␤-CD at pH 2.90 and a field strength of 20 kV in 45 cm × 75 m (40 cm effective length) uncoated capillary. The UV absorbance detection was set at 205 nm. A 0.1% (w/w) polyethylene glycol or 0.1% (v/v) acetonitrile was used to enhance the detection sensitivity. There was a wide and excellent linear calibration graph for each enantiomer in the range 1.0 × 10 −3 to 1.0 × 10 −6 M and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was found from 8.5 × 10 −7 to 9.5 × 10 −7 M. The method has been applied for the determination of isoprenaline in isoprenaline hydrochloride aerosol and to the analysis of serum samples. The recoveries of NE and EP in serum and IP in drug were ranged from 90 to 110%. The relative standard deviations of all the analyte peaks were less than 2.8% for migration time and less than 4.8% for peak area.

A sensitive simultaneous determination of epinephrine and tyrosine using an iron(III) doped zeolite-modified carbon paste electrode

“…Various approaches for Ep analysis include methods such as fluorescence, [7][8][9][10] chemiluminescence, 11 radioimmunoassay, 12 capillary electrophoresis [13][14][15] and liquid chromatography coupled with several types of detection methods. 16,17 The detection of tyrosine is usually accomplished by spectrophotometric, 18 fluorimetric, 19 and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 20 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 21 and highperformance liquid chromatography.…”

“…5,6 The absence of Tyr could cause albinism and alkaptonuria, while a high L-tyrosine concentration in culture medium results in increased sister chromatid exchange. Thus, the analytical determination of Tyr is a pharmacological necessity.Various approaches for Ep analysis include methods such as fluorescence, 7-10 chemiluminescence, 11 radioimmunoassay, 12 capillary electrophoresis [13][14][15] and liquid chromatography coupled with several types of detection methods. 16,17 The detection of tyrosine is usually accomplished by spectrophotometric, 18 fluorimetric, 19 and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 20 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 21 and highperformance liquid chromatography.…”

Sensitive determination of epinephrine in pharmaceutical preparation by flow injection coupled with chemiluminescence detection and mechanism study

“…UV detection is most commonly used in FIA, but the concentration limit of detection (LOD) is relatively high. In comparison with these detection modes, chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been proven to be one of the most powerful techniques for the analysis of various analytes including metal ions (19,20), biological matrices (21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and pharmaceutical preparations (26,27) owing to its high sensitivity and simplicity, and has been used in the determination of EP (28)(29)(30). Analytical procedures applying CL detection in FIA setups integrated the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and reproducibility, and were appropriate for on-line analysis (31,32).…”

Determination of Adrenaline by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Copper as Probe Reagent in Pharmaceutical and Serum Samples

“…[1][2][3] It is a potent vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant, 4 and widely used in the treatment of hypertension, bronchial asthma, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery and glaucoma. 5 Because of the therapeutic importance of adrenaline, a great number of methods have been developed for the determination of this drug, mainly employing capillary electrophoresis, 6 electrochemical detection, 7,8 chemiluminescence, 9 liquid chromatography, 10 and spectrophotometry, 4,11 however atomic absorption spectrometry has not yet been reported. In this paper, an atomic absorption spectrometric method is proposed using Cu(II) as probe reagent to determine adrenaline.…”