Sentinel lymph node versus axillary lymph node dissection for early‐stage breast carcinoma

Abstract

The selectivity of reactions on active patches over those on a partially active carrier surface is investigated for patch‐covered spheres. The effects of relevant parameters including patch and carrier reactivities, patch coverage, patch size, and patch separation state are studied. The selectivity is found to increase with increasing relative dominance of the patch reactivity over the carrier reactivity and patch coverage, as expected. Interestingly, it also increases with decreasing patch size and increasing patch separations. Decrease in patch size creates more patch–carrier interfaces and thus enhances the competition effectiveness of the patches against the carrier surface. With respect to the patch separation state, more complete utilization of the patches is achieved for well‐separated patches and thus enhances the selectivity toward the patches. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007

Standard immunostains for melanoma in sentinel lymph node specimens: which ones are most useful?

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] The accuracy of histopathologic evaluation of SLNs for melanoma is significantly improved with the use of immunohistochemical stains. [4][5][6][7] Routine H&E staining alone has been shown to yield a false-negative rate of 10-34%.…”

Risk of decline in upper-body function and symptoms among older breast cancer patients

“…Aspects of breast cancer treatment have been previously associated with upper arm morbidity, including surgical manipulation of the axilla with either sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary node dissection 8,10,29,30 and radiation therapy 6,9,13,15,31 . The advent of less invasive sentinel lymph node evaluation will reduce the prevalence of axillary node dissection among breast cancer patients below that observed in this population, although patients with a positive sentinel node will often still receive an axillary node dissection.…”

Clinical applications of breast pathology: management of in situ breast carcinomas and sentinel node biopsy issues

“…10,[14][15][16] Studies of quality of life in patients treated for breast cancer have shown prolonged decreases in quality of life for those with lymphedema and other chronic arm symptoms resulting from axillary dissection. [7][8][9]17 At present, there are no effective therapies to reverse established lymphedema. 2 As lymphedema after axillary dissection cannot be 'cured', or even reliably prevented, identification of alternatives to standard axillary dissection have been sought.…”