Sensory Stimuli and Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Kain, Zeev N.; Wang, Shuming; Mayes, Linda C.; Krivutza, Dawn M.; Teague, Barbara

doi:10.1097/00000539-200104000-00018

Cited by 86 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A wide variety of approaches have been proposed to minimize the potential negative effects of surgery and hospitalization, in particular the use of toys and other entertainment materials [12,[79][80][81], including music [82,83], humor [84], magic [85], hospital clowns [20,86], guided visits to the hospital and operating room [87] and educational preoperative programs [11,66,73,88]. The literature also recommends that preoperative instruments should be brief, portable, inexpensive, and easy to administer [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing preoperative information for children undergoing surgery: a randomized study testing different types of educational material to reduce children's preoperative worries

Fernandes

Arriaga

Esteves

2014

Health Education Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing preoperative information for children undergoing surgery: a randomized study testing different types of educational material to reduce children's preoperative worries

Fernandes

Arriaga

Esteves

2014

Health Education Research

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“…Some strategies for managing preoperative anxiety are pharmacologic (eg, sedative premedication) 20,21 ; nonpharmacologic (eg, preoperative visit to the OR) 6 ; the presence of 1 of the 2 parents during the induction of anesthesia 19 ; psychological preparation of the child 22,23 ; and the use of music as a distraction. 24,25 There have not been previous studies that evaluated the efficacy of clowns with respect to preoperative anxiety of children and their parents during the induction of anesthesia. In this study we found that the presence of clowns during the induction of anesthesia was an effective intervention for managing a child's anxiety during the preoperative period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clown Doctors as a Treatment for Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized, Prospective Study

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Background. The induction of anesthesia is one of the most stressful moments for a child who must undergo surgery: it is estimated that 60% of children suffer anxiety in the preoperative period. Preoperative anxiety is characterized by subjective feelings of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry. These reactions reflect the child's fear of separation from parents and home environment, as well as of loss of control, unfamiliar routines, surgical instruments, and hospital procedures. High levels of anxiety have been identified as predictors of postoperative troubles that can persist for 6 months after the procedure. Both behavioral and pharmacologic interventions are available to treat preoperative anxiety in children.Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the presence of clowns on a child's preoperative anxiety during the induction of anesthesia and on the parent who accompanies him/her until he/she is asleep.Methods. The sample was composed of 40 subjects (5-12 years of age) who had to undergo minor day surgery and were assigned randomly to the clown group (N ‫؍‬ 20), in which the children were accompanied in the preoperative room by the clowns and a parent, or the control group (N ‫؍‬ 20), in which the children were accompanied by only 1 of his/her parents. The anxiety of the children in the preoperative period was measured through the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale instrument (observational behavioral checklist to measure the state anxiety of young children), and the anxiety of the parents was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Y-1/Y-2) instrument (self-report anxiety behavioral instrument that measures trait/baseline and state/situational anxiety in adults). In addition, a questionnaire for health professionals was developed to obtain their opinion about the presence of clowns during the induction of anesthesia, and a self-evaluation form was developed to be filled out by the clowns themselves about their interactions with the child.Results. The clown group was significantly less anxious during the induction of anesthesia compared with the control group. In the control group there was an increased level of anxiety in the induction room in comparison to in the waiting room; in the clown group anxiety was not significantly different in the 2 locations. The questionnaire for health professionals indicated that the clowns were a benefit to the child, but the majority of the staff was opposed to continuing the program because of perceived interference with the procedures of the operating room. The correlation between the scores of the form to self-evaluate the effectiveness of the clowns and of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale is significant for both the waiting room and induction room.Conclusions. This study shows that the presence of clowns during the induction of anesthesia, together with the child's parents, was an effective intervention for managing children's and parents' anxiety during the preoperative period. We would encoura...

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“…In another trial, according to Berghmans of 120 children, co-operation at induction did not differ significantly when a video of a fairytale was played before induction [7]. Children exposed to low sensory stimulation were significantly less anxious than control children upon introduction of the anesthesia mask, and more likely to be co-operative during induction, in one trial of 70 children [8]. Music therapy did not show a significant effect on children's anxiety in another trial of 51 children [9].…”

Section: Video Assisted Induction Group In Each Groupmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Change in Pulse Rate and Behavioral Score by Using Video Assisted Induction of Pediatric Anesthesia

Abukawa¹,

Hiroki²,

Ozaki³

2016

OJAnes

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Purpose: Objective of this study was to determine whether video assisted anesthesia induction reduced pediatric patients' stress. Methods: With approval from the local ethics committee and parental informed consent, 75 children undergoing minor surgery were investigated in this prospective observational study. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 was aged two to three years old, group 2 was aged four to six years old and group 3 was aged from seven to ten years old. The following three characteristics were evaluated: 1) the pulse rate at four points (the ward, the entrance at the operating room, mask notification and the mask fit); 2) the behavioral score in the operating room; 3) the amount of pain killers after the operation. Results: In group 1 (N = 20), there was a significant difference between the control group and the video assisted group regarding the percentage change in pulse rate based on the children's ward when the patients looked at the mask. In group 2 (N = 26), there was no significant difference regarding any points. In group 3 (N = 29), there was a significant difference between control and video assisted group regarding the percentage change in pulse rate based on the children's ward for all points. Also, regarding to the behavioral score, there was a significant difference between the control group and the video assisted group of all ages. However, there was no significant difference regarding the use of NSAIDs in the postoperative period between the control and the video assisted group. Conclusion: These results show that the video assisted anesthesia induction is effective for pediatric patients.

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Sensory Stimuli and Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Abstract: Children are less anxious and show increased compliance during induction when exposed to a single care-provider in a dimmed, quiet operating room with background music.

Cited by 86 publications

References 19 publications

Providing preoperative information for children undergoing surgery: a randomized study testing different types of educational material to reduce children's preoperative worries

Providing preoperative information for children undergoing surgery: a randomized study testing different types of educational material to reduce children's preoperative worries

Clown Doctors as a Treatment for Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized, Prospective Study

The Change in Pulse Rate and Behavioral Score by Using Video Assisted Induction of Pediatric Anesthesia

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