Sensory Stimulation of Oxytocin Release Is Associated With Stress Management and Maternal Care

Abstract

It has been shown that various types of stress initiate different physiological and neuroendocrine disorders. Oxytocin (OT) is mainly produced in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic OT has antistress effects and attenuates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. One mechanism behind the antistress effects of OT is mediated through the inhibition from GABAA receptors on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression at the PVN. Various manual therapies such as acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and massage initiate the stimulation of somatosensory neurons of the body. It is well-known that TENS simulates OT expression, while it inhibits CRF expression at the PVN following chronic stress loading in rodents. Upregulation of OT expression at the hypothalamus is activated by the somatosensory stimulation, which is mediated via the spinothalamic pathway (the connection between the spinal cord and hypothalamus). Thus, somatosensory stimulation is beneficial in treating stress-associated symptoms. Hypothalamic OT is associated with the social behaviors, including maternal care and affiliation. Childhood neglect and/or child abuse are severely responsible for deleterious long-term effects on the cognitive/social activity and behavioral development. At parturition, a profound amount of OT is released into the systemic circulation in response to vaginal and cervical stimulation caused by the body of fetus, which induces the onset of maternal behavior. Peridural anesthesia effectively impairs the sensitivity to vaginal and cervical stimulation at parturition. OT levels in cerebrospinal fluid is significantly reduced following peridural anesthesia. The vaginal delivery mothers had significantly more OT pulses than the caesarian section (CS) mothers. Due to low levels of endogenous OT, maternal behavior could be interrupted by epidural anesthesia and CS at parturition because of the reduction of the usual sensory input from the genitalia.

Neural correlates of product attachment to cosmetics

“…6 ). Moreover, upregulation of OXT expression in the hypothalamus is known to be activated by somatosensory stimulation, such as massage, which is mediated via the spinothalamic pathway 39 . The thinly myelinated or unmyelinated afferent fibers activated by touching or rubbing are carried by the contralateral spinothalamic pathway.…”

“…The latter setting was based on the consideration that the daily self-touching behaviors may reinforce the bond between the users and their favorite cosmetics, and this intimate relationship may establish a specific and stable attachment to the cosmetic product, as in human attachment in relationships. In addition, there is the possibility that touching behaviors such as massage facilitate OXT release from the hypothalamus 36 – 39 , which facilitates neural activation in the neural network underlying object attachment, and these neural processes lead to heightening the detectability of fMRI signals. Furthermore, we set the regions of interest (ROIs) based on the brain regions identified in previous fMRI studies of human attachment in relationships 29 , 40 – 43 (Table 1 ) and of attachment to object possession 30 .…”

Berührungsmedizin – ein komplementärer therapeutischer Ansatz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Depressionsbehandlung

“…B. sanfte Massagen die Stimmung positiv beeinflussen 93 94 . Die Aktivierung des oxytocinergen Systems dürfte hierbei eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen 70 82 83 95 96 .…”

Efek Ekstrak Basah Daun Plectranthus amboinicus (L.) Terhadap Produksi Susu, Konsumsi Pakan, Pertumbuhan Bobot Badan Tikus dan Anakan

“…ASI sangat direkomendasikan untuk bayi karena nutrisi yang terkandung di dalamnya yang dapat mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, dan menyediakan imunitas substansial untuk bayi dari berbagai penyakit. Laktasi juga dapat memberikan interaksi yang intim antara ibu dan anak yang berkaitan dengan pelepasan hormon anti-stres oksitosin (Takahashi, 2021), sehingga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan ibu dan bayi (Belfort et al, 2013). Selain itu, menyusui memberikan nutrisi yang paling tepat dan air yang cukup untuk anak, mengatur kesehatan usus (Akagawa et al, 2019), mencegah infeksi, menurunkan angka kematian neonatal (Silva et al, 2020), mengurangi resiko pendarahan postpartum, menurunkan risiko kanker payudara dan ovarium, mengurangi nyeri postpartum, dan meningkatkan pemulihan postpartum (Desai et al, 2019).…”