Sensitivity of predicted pollutant levels to anthropogenic heat emissions in Beijing

Yu, Man; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Zhu, Tong; Cheng, Yafang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.034

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…WRF/Chem has been widely used in simulating air quality in China and proved to be a reliable modeling tool from the city scale to the mesoscale (X. M. Q. Liu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2014;Liao et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2016). Three simulations are conducted in this study.…”

Section: Wrf/chem and Its Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes, the fluxes might exceed the value of 100 W m −2 (Iamarino et al, 2012;Quah and Roth, 2012;Lu et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2016), with the extreme value of 1590 W m −2 in the densest part of Tokyo at the peak of air-conditioning demand (Ichinose et al, 1999). With regard to their effects, the researchers found that AH fluxes can cause urban air temperatures to increase by several degrees (Fan and Sailor, 2005;Ferguson and Woodbury, 2007;Zhu et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2012Feng et al, , 2014Menberg et al, 2013;Wu and Yang, 2013;Bohnenstengel et al, 2014;Chen et al, , 2014aYu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016), induce the atmosphere to be more turbulent and unstable, change the urban heat island circulation, strengthen vertical air movement (Ichinose et al, 1999;Block et al, 2004;Fan and Sailor, 2005;Feng et al, 2012Feng et al, , 2014Bohnenstengel et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016), enhance the convergence of water vapor in cities, and change the regional precipitation patterns (Feng et al, 2012(Feng et al, , 2014Xie et al, 2016). In spite of meteorology conditions and air quality being inextricably linked, however, few investigations have paid attention to how the air quality is altered by the changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In spite of meteorology conditions and air quality being inextricably linked, however, few investigations have paid attention to how the air quality is altered by the changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat. The results from the limited studies have shown that this impact is significant in and around large urban areas and should be considered in air pollution predictions (Ryu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…surfaces to artificial ones (Civerolo et al, 2007;Lo et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2007;Jiang et al, 2008;Lu et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2014b;Liao et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016) and the release of anthropogenic heat from human activities in cities (Ryu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016). Anthropogenic heat (AH) can increase turbulent fluxes in sensible and latent heat (Oke, 1988), implying that it can modulate local and regional meteorological processes (Ichinose et al, 1999;Block et al, 2004;Fan and Sailor, 2005;Ferguson and Woodbury, 2007;Zhu et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2012Feng et al, , 2014Menberg et al, 2013;Ryu et al, 2013;Wu and Yang, 2013;Bohnenstengel et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2014a;Meng et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016) and thereby exert an important influence on the formation and the distribution of ozone (Ryu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016) as well as aerosols (Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic heat (AH) can increase turbulent fluxes in sensible and latent heat (Oke, 1988), implying that it can modulate local and regional meteorological processes (Ichinose et al, 1999;Block et al, 2004;Fan and Sailor, 2005;Ferguson and Woodbury, 2007;Zhu et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2012Feng et al, , 2014Menberg et al, 2013;Ryu et al, 2013;Wu and Yang, 2013;Bohnenstengel et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2014a;Meng et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016) and thereby exert an important influence on the formation and the distribution of ozone (Ryu et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016) as well as aerosols (Yu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Anthropogenic heat (AH) emissions from human activities can change the urban circulation and thereby affect the air pollution in and around cities. Based on statistic data, the spatial distribution of AH flux in South China is estimated. With the aid of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem), in which the AH parameterization is developed to incorporate the gridded AH emissions with temporal variation, simulations for January and July in 2014 are performed over South China. By analyzing the differences between the simulations with and without adding AH, the impact of AH on regional meteorology and air quality is quantified. The results show that the regional annual mean AH fluxes over South China are only 0.87 W m −2 , but the values for the urban areas of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region can be close to 60 W m −2 . These AH emissions can significantly change the urban heat island and urban-breeze circulations in big cities. In the PRD city cluster, 2 m air temperature rises by 1.1 • in January and over 0.5 • in July, the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increases by 120 m in January and 90 m in July, 10 m wind speed is intensified to over 0.35 m s −1 in January and 0.3 m s −1 in July, and accumulative precipitation is enhanced by 20-40 % in July. These changes in meteorological conditions can significantly impact the spatial and vertical distributions of air pollutants. Due to the increases in PBLH, surface wind speed and upward vertical movement, the concentrations of primary air pollutants decrease near the surface and increase in the upper levels. But the vertical changes in O 3 concentrations show the different patterns in different seasons. The surface O 3 concentrations in big cities increase with maximum values of over 2.5 ppb in January, while O 3 is reduced at the lower layers and increases at the upper layers above some megacities in July. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that chemical effects can play a significant role in O 3 changes over South China in winter, while the vertical movement can be the dominant effect in some big cities in summer. Adding the gridded AH emissions can better describe the heterogeneous impacts of AH on regional meteorology and air quality, suggesting that more studies on AH should be carried out in climate and air quality assessments.

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Section: Wrf/chem and Its Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

et al. 2016

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Simulation of the urban climate in a Chinese megacity with spatially heterogeneous anthropogenic heat data

Chen

Yang

2016

JGR Atmospheres

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Anthropogenic heat release (AHR) by human activities in cities is a key contributing factor to the generation of the urban heat island (UHI) effect; thus, AHR should be incorporated into urban climate and environmental modeling. In this study, gridded AHR data with high spatial resolution (1 km) were included in the integrated weather research and forecasting (WRF)/urban modeling system to investigate the urban environment of Hangzhou City, which is the capital of Zhejiang Province in east China. The AHR data were estimated for this province based on the significant correlation between energy consumption statistics data and multisensor remote-sensing data (namely, nighttime light imagery and a vegetation index). The coupled model was evaluated against available observational data derived from a dense automatic weather station network in Hangzhou. The effects of AHR and urban land use on the urban environment were investigated with three sensitivity numerical experiments. Results showed that the mean UHI intensity reached 0.95°C and 1.66°C in winter and in summer, respectively, and that AHR contributed 65.26% and 17.47% to UHI intensity in the two seasons. In winter, AHR significantly impacted the diurnal variation in UHI, and the two UHI intensity peaks ascribed to AHR were detected during rush hours. The impact of AHR on planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was similar to its contribution to UHI effect, with a large contribution in winter. Moreover, UHI enhanced atmospheric vertical motions, which led to precipitation changes, especially during summer. A convective and deep PBL was detected and triggered convective precipitation over or downwind of Hangzhou City during summer. Given the anticipated increase in global urban populations, characterizing the spatial-temporal variations of AHR and its impacts is essential toward continued progress in urban climate assessment.

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Impact of seasonal variations in weekday electricity use on urban air temperature observed in Osaka, Japan

Ohashi

Suido

Kikegawa

et al. 2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Seasonal variations in the human activity signal (HAS) affecting the urban temperature were analysed in districts with offices and commercial buildings, apartment buildings, and single-family households in the urban area of Osaka, Japan. Temperatures were observed at building rooftops and at ground level in 14 districts. Spatial and temporal patterns of HAS were identified for a combined spring and autumn intermediate season, the summer cooling season, and the winter heating season by observing the temperature differences between weekdays and weekends after discounting the naturally induced temperature signal. A positive HAS (higher weekday temperatures) was observed during daytime hours in summer and the values around 1200 h JST (UTC + 9 h) exceeded 1• C at the downtown office and mixed-building districts and 0.5-0.7 • C in the surrounding inland residential districts. However, a negative HAS (lower weekday temperatures) extended throughout all districts during daytime hours in winter. The maximum negative values ranged from −0.3 to −0.4• C between 1200 and 1500 h. Statistical analyses of 30-year HAS data provided sufficient evidence that an increase in heat pump air-conditioning caused negative HAS in winter daytime hours as well as positive HAS in summer daytime hours. While HAS was not observed at night-time in all districts during summer, positive HAS in winter had values of 0.3-0.4• C between 0000 and 0200 h and was especially prominent at inland residential districts. This night-time positive HAS in the heating season was most likely due to a gradual ventilation of heated indoor air and an outgoing sensible heat transfer from the walls of buildings where heating systems were operated. Seasonal variation of HAS was related to the energy consumption due to air-conditioning, and the expected temperature increase due to the waste heat was predicted using a simple one-dimensional mixing-layer model.

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Sensitivity of predicted pollutant levels to anthropogenic heat emissions in Beijing

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

Simulation of the urban climate in a Chinese megacity with spatially heterogeneous anthropogenic heat data

Impact of seasonal variations in weekday electricity use on urban air temperature observed in Osaka, Japan

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