Sensitive inexpensive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric analysis of ezogabine, levetiracetam and topiramate in tablet formulations using Hantzsch condensation reaction

Ibrahim, F.; El-Yazbi, Amira F.; Wagih, Mira M; Barary, Magda A.

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.078

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For method III, it is based on Hantzsch condensation reaction [26, 27] where BAC reacts with a β-dicarbonyl compound (acetylacetone) and an aldehyde (formaldehyde) to generate a yellow colored product with λ max at 339 nm (Fig. 2c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple mix-and-read assays for the determination of baclofen in pharmaceutical formulation

El-Yazbi

Guirguis

Bedair

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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This study demonstrates three simple and inexpensive spectrophotometric mix-and-read assays for the determination of the skeletal muscle relaxant, baclofen (BAC) in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods are based on the reaction of the primary amine group of BAC with various derivatizing reagents to yield different colored products. Method I depends on the reaction of BAC with vanillin in borate buffer pH 11.5 to give a yellow colored product with maximum absorbance at 401 nm. While method II describes the reaction with eosin Y in citric-phosphate buffer pH 2.2 forming an orange-red product measured at 548 nm. Method III depends on Hantzsch condensation reaction that yields a yellow product measured at 339 nm. Different experimental variables influencing development and stability of the obtained colored product are optimized. Validation of the three methods regarding linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification was performed. Regression analysis showed good linearity over the concentration ranges of 10–35, 5–20 and 5–25 μg/mL for methods I, II and III, respectively with correlation coefficient values not less than 0.999. Additionally, detection limits of BAC are 1.58, 0.94 and 0.79 μg/mL for methods I, II and III, respectively. Finally, the suggested procedures are successfully used for assay of BAC in its tablets. The main advantages of the proposed mix-and-read assays are being inexpensive and rapid with no requirement for laborious extraction techniques with equivalent or superior sensitivity compared to other published spectrophotometric procedures. Such advantages promote the suggested methods for the high throughput assay of BAC dosage forms, a critical component in quality control studies for pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple mix-and-read assays for the determination of baclofen in pharmaceutical formulation

El-Yazbi

Guirguis

Bedair

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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“…13 Efforts on developing analytical methods for quantification of AEDs in biological samples are ongoing. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] A number of factors should be taken into account in TDM of drugs in pediatrics. Differences exist in the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs between children and adults, also between children in various development steps, and in many cases pediatrics drug dosage is scheduled based on personal experience of the pediatrician.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in Plasma of Epileptic Patients

et al. 2019

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IntroductionAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are a group of drugs used to treat neurological disorder such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and migraine. Epilepsy is a common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders. It is characterized by seizures affecting about 1% of the population. 1,2 The pharmacotherapy with AEDs is the first choice for the treatment of epilepsy as it controls the occurrence of unpredictable epileptic seizures on approximately two thirds of the patients. 3 Approximately 30-40% of patients do not achieve seizure control with a single AED and rational polytherapy with the goal of finding combinations of AEDs that have favorable characteristics, has become of greater importance. 4 Before that one should ensure that the drug has reached its therapeutic range and there is no possibility to increase its daily dose. The first generation AEDs (phenobarbital (PB), phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ)) have been widely used to treat epilepsy. Because of their narrow therapeutic range in adults (10-40 µg mL -1 , 5-20 µg mL -1 and 2-12 µg mL -1 , respectively for PB, PHT and CBZ) 5 and their complex pharmacokinetic properties, their blood levels should be monitored. Therapeutic ranges of PB, PHT and CBZ in children are 20-60 µg mL -1 , 3 6-11 µg mL -1 6 and 4-12 µg mL -1 , 7 respectively. Lethal concentrations of PB and PHT are 50 µg mL -1 for both drugs 5 and fatalities could be observed in CBZ serum concentrations of >20 µg mL -1 5 or >39 µg mL -1 . 8 CBZ is metabolized to its metabolite, i.e. carbamazepine-10, 11epoxide (CBZE), or simply the "epoxide" metabolite. The presence of this metabolite can have clinically significant implications in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CBZ. In addition, toxic symptoms may occur when plasma concentration of CBZE is >3.2 µg mL -1 . Thus CBZE quantification is importance in patients where CBZ has been ingested. 9,10 When each one of these three drugs fails to control seizures, a combination of the two most effective among them can be used. If the combination of CBZ and PHT fails, a combination of PB with CBZ or PHT would then become a consideration. 11 Drug A B S T R A C TBackground: Quantitative analyses of antiepileptic drugs are required in clinic and to rational dosage adjustment, the clinician needs the blood levels of these drugs. A highperformance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of some antiepileptic drugs in plasma of patients with epilepsy. Methods: A simple procedure based on deproteinization by acetonitrile was used for pretreatment of plasma samples. Liquid chromatographic analysis was carried out on a Nova-Pak® C18 analytical column, using a ternary mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 6.0)-acetonitrile-2-propanol (63:22:15, v/v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 . Results: Calibration curves were linear over a range of 1-40 µg mL -1 for phenobarbital, 1-30 µg mL -1 for phenytoin, 0.3-15 µg mL -1 for carbamazepine and 0....

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“…LEV was determined in its pharmaceutical formulation after condensation of its amino group with acetylacetone and formaldehyde according to Hantzsch reaction. The product is a highly fluorescent yellow colored dihydropyridine derivative that was measured at 390 nm (Ibrahim, El-Yazbi, Wagih, & Barary, 2017).…”

Section: Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on bioanalytical and analytical method development of Antiepileptic racetams

Mansour¹,

El-Sherbiny²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2022

Delta University Scientific Journal

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Racetams are a class of medications defined by the presence of 2-pyrrolidone nucleus and are derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which acts as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Levetiracetam (second generation anti epileptic drug) and brivaracetam (third generation anti epileptic drug) are promising examples of prescribed antiepileptic racetams that act on SV2A. Brivaracetam is a newer antiseizure medication than levetiracetam. It has a more selective action on the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A binding site, and it seems to provide a more favorable neuropsychiatric profile. Bioanalytical methods are widely used for quantitative estimation of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices. Various analytical methods such as spectrophotometry, HPLC, GC, TLC, qNMR and UPLC have been used in laboratories for the quantitative analysis of antiepileptic racetams in biological samples throughout all phases of clinical research and quality control. The article incorporates various reported methods developed to help analyst in choosing crucial parameters for new method development of antiepileptic racetams and its derivatives and also enumerates metabolites, impurities reported so far.

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Sensitive inexpensive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric analysis of ezogabine, levetiracetam and topiramate in tablet formulations using Hantzsch condensation reaction

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Simple mix-and-read assays for the determination of baclofen in pharmaceutical formulation

Simple mix-and-read assays for the determination of baclofen in pharmaceutical formulation

Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in Plasma of Epileptic Patients

Review on bioanalytical and analytical method development of Antiepileptic racetams

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