Sensing Danger: Key to Activating Plant Immunity

Gust, Andrea A.; Pruitt, Rory; Nürnberger, Thorsten

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.07.005

Cited by 312 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Arabidopsis mutants defective in cell wall integrity are hypersensitive to salt stress (Dinneny et al ., ; Kang et al ., ; Endler et al ., ; Feng et al ., ). Cell wall damage upon pathogen invasion, abiotic stresses or disruption in cellulose biosynthesis is linked to intracellular defense signaling (Gust et al ., ). For instance, loss of PMR4 callose synthase or PMR6 pectate lyase leads to SA‐based resistance against powdery mildew fungi (Vogel, ; Nishimura et al ., ).…”

Section: Damage Sensing and Signaling Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different stresses cause alterations in the fluidity, integrity and/or function of the phospholipid membranes and in different subcellular compartments, which generate DAMPs (Zhu, 2016;Gust et al, 2017;De Lorenzo et al, 2018). Although the precise perception mechanisms remain elusive in most cases, stress signaling typically involves common modules reminiscent of PTI, to counter the damaging effects of the stress (Fig.…”

Section: Damage Sensing and Signaling Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant immunity in signal integration between biotic and abiotic stress responses

2019

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Summary Plants constantly monitor and cope with the fluctuating environment while hosting a diversity of plant‐inhabiting microbes. The mode and outcome of plant–microbe interactions, including plant disease epidemics, are dynamically and profoundly influenced by abiotic factors, such as light, temperature, water and nutrients. Plants also utilize associations with beneficial microbes during adaptation to adverse conditions. Elucidation of the molecular bases for the plant–microbe–environment interactions is therefore of fundamental importance in the plant sciences. Following advances into individual stress signaling pathways, recent studies are beginning to reveal molecular intersections between biotic and abiotic stress responses and regulatory principles in combined stress responses. We outline mechanisms underlying environmental modulation of plant immunity and emerging roles for immune regulators in abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, we discuss how plants coordinate conflicting demands when exposed to combinations of different stresses, with attention to a possible determinant that links initial stress response to broad‐spectrum stress tolerance or prioritization of specific stress tolerance.

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Section: Damage Sensing and Signaling Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Damage Sensing and Signaling Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant immunity in signal integration between biotic and abiotic stress responses

2019

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“…The activity of systemin in the amplification of the wound response therefore resembles that of cytokines in animals, rather than that of a true hormone (Gust et al . ). The 18‐amino acid systemin peptide is proteolytically released from a 200‐amino acid precursor called prosystemin.…”

Section: Post‐translationally Modified Peptides and Peptide Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Stührwohldt

Schaller

2018

Plant Biol J

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The number, diversity and significance of peptides as regulators of cellular differentiation, growth, development and defence of plants has long been underestimated. Peptides have now emerged as an important class of signals for cell-to-cell communication over short distances, and also for long-range signalling. We refer to these signalling molecules as peptide growth factors and peptide hormones, respectively. As compared to remarkable progress with respect to the mechanisms of peptide perception and signal transduction, the biogenesis of signalling peptides is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the biogenesis and activity of small post-translationally modified peptides. These peptides are derived from inactive pre-pro-peptides of approximately 70-120 amino acids. Multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) may be required for peptide maturation and activation, including proteolytic processing, tyrosine sulfation, proline hydroxylation and hydroxyproline glycosylation. While many of the enzymes responsible for these modifications have been identified, their impact on peptide activity and signalling is not fully understood. These PTMs may or may not be required for bioactivity, they may inactivate the peptide or modify its signalling specificity, they may affect peptide stability or targeting, or its binding affinity with the receptor. In the present review, we will first introduce the peptides that undergo PTMs and for which these PTMs were shown to be functionally relevant. We will then discuss the different types of PTMs and the impact they have on peptide activity and plant growth and development. We conclude with an outlook on the open questions that need to be addressed in future research.

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“…A number of HAMPs and DAMPs, together with their signaling pathways, have been reported in the past two decades (for a review see Mithöfer and Boland, ; Gust et al ., ). The Arabidopsis elicitor‐active peptide AtPep1 was first isolated as a 23‐amino‐acid peptide from plant extracts; subsequently an additional six PROPEP members that harbor a conserved Pep epitope in their C‐termini were identified (Huffaker et al ., ; Yamaguchi et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Integration of danger peptide signals with herbivore‐associated molecular pattern signaling amplifies anti‐herbivore defense responses in rice

et al. 2018

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Plant defense against herbivores is modulated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) from oral secretions (OS) and/or saliva of insects. Furthermore, feeding wounds initiate plant self-damage responses modulated by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as immune defense-promoting plant elicitor peptides (Peps). While temporal and spatial co-existence of both patterns during herbivory implies a possibility of their close interaction, the molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Here we report that exogenous application of rice (Oryza sativa) peptides (OsPeps) can elicit multiple defense responses in rice cell cultures. Specific activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcripts in rice leaves by wounding and OS treatments further suggests a possible involvement of the OsPep3 peptide in rice-herbivore interactions. Correspondingly, we found that simultaneous application of OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi OS significantly amplifies an array of defense responses in rice cells, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and generation of defense-related hormones and metabolites. The induction of OsPROPEP3/4 by OsPep3 points to a positive auto-feedback loop in OsPep signaling which may contribute to additional enhancement of defense signal(s). Finally, the overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1 increases the sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signals. Our findings collectively suggest that HAMP-DAMP signal integration provides a critical step in the amplification of defense signaling in plants.

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Sensing Danger: Key to Activating Plant Immunity

Cited by 312 publications

References 127 publications

Plant immunity in signal integration between biotic and abiotic stress responses

Plant immunity in signal integration between biotic and abiotic stress responses

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Integration of danger peptide signals with herbivore‐associated molecular pattern signaling amplifies anti‐herbivore defense responses in rice

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