Senescence in immunity against helminth parasites predicts adult mortality in a wild mammal

Froy, Hannah; Sparks, Alexandra M.; Watt, Kathryn; Sinclair, Rona; Bach, Florian A.; Pilkington, Jill G.; Pemberton, Josephine M.; McNeilly, Tom N.; Nussey, Dan

doi:10.1126/science.aaw5822

Cited by 67 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In systems such as rodent malaria, there is a trade-off between resistance and tolerance (Raberg et al, 2007); however, the trade-off between the strategies is not universal. As for optimal discrimination (above), the optimal strategy might depend on timing during the life course: for example a transition from 'resistance' to 'tolerance' as animal age has been suggested in rodents (Jackson et al, 2014) and sheep (Froy et al, 2019;Garnier et al, 2017).…”

Section: Tr Ade-offs a Sso Ciated With Immune Fun C Ti On Over The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why leveraging sex differences in immune trade‐offs may illuminate the evolution of senescence

2019

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Section: Tr Ade-offs a Sso Ciated With Immune Fun C Ti On Over The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why leveraging sex differences in immune trade‐offs may illuminate the evolution of senescence

2019

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“…The adaptive immune system generally undergoes an age-related decline in performance, i.e. immunosenescence, and evidence for this process has been emerging in wild populations [4][5][6][7][8][9]. By contrast, the innate immune response is usually maintained, or even enhanced with age [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social effects on age-related and sex-specific immune cell profiles in a wild mammal

et al. 2020

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Evidence for age-related changes in innate and adaptive immune responses is increasing in wild populations. Such changes have been linked to fitness, and knowledge of the factors driving immune response variation is important for understanding the evolution of immunity. Age-related changes in immune profiles may be owing to factors such as immune system development, sex-specific behaviour and responses to environmental conditions. Social environments may also contribute to variation in immunological responses, for example, through transmission of pathogens and stress arising from resource and mate competition. Yet, the impact of the social environment on age-related changes in immune cell profiles is currently understudied in the wild. Here, we tested the relationship between leukocyte cell composition (proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes [innate and adaptive immunity, respectively] that were lymphocytes) and age, sex and group size in a wild population of European badgers ( Meles meles ). We found that the proportion of lymphocytes in early life was greater in males in smaller groups compared to larger groups, but with a faster age-related decline in smaller groups. By contrast, the proportion of lymphocytes in females was not significantly related to age or group size. Our results provide evidence of sex-specific age-related changes in immune cell profiles in a wild mammal, which are influenced by the social environment.

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“…The immune system involves multiple mechanisms that protect the host against pathogens [1]. The 33 functioning of the immune system is related to sex [2,3] and changes throughout life [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Since age-34 related changes in immune responses have been linked to mortality in the wild [9], understanding the 35 factors driving differences in immune responses can provide insight into the evolution of immunity 36 and senescence.…”

Section: Introduction 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 The adaptive immune system generally undergoes an age-related decline in performance, i.e. 47 immunosenescence, and evidence for this process has been emerging in wild populations [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In 48 contrast, the innate immune response is usually maintained, or even enhanced with age [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introduction 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 immunosenescence, and evidence for this process has been emerging in wild populations [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In 48 contrast, the innate immune response is usually maintained, or even enhanced with age [4][5][6][7][8][9]. This 49 enhanced innate immune response can be a consequence of overstimulation of the immune system, 50 due to a reduced T cell repertoire and bias towards CD8+ effector memory cells, leading to chronic 51 inflammation and accelerated immunosenescence, as seen in humans [20,21].…”

Section: Introduction 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social effects on age-related and sex-specific immune cell profiles in a wild mammal

Lieshout¹,

Badás²,

Mason³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Evidence for age-related changes in innate and adaptive immune responses is increasing in wild populations. Such changes have been linked to fitness, and understanding the factors driving variation in immune responses is important for the evolution of immunity and senescence. Age-related changes in immune profiles may be due to sex-specific behaviour, physiology and responses to environmental conditions. Social conditions may also contribute to variation in immunological responses, for example, through transmission of pathogens and stress from resource and mate competition. Yet, the impact of the social environment on age-related changes in immune cell profile requires further investigation in the wild. Here, we tested the relationship between leukocyte cell composition (agranulocyte proportion, i.e. adaptive and innate immunity) and age, sex, and group size in a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles). We found that the proportion of agranulocytes decreased with age only in males living in small groups. In contrast, females in larger groups exhibited a greater age-related decline in the proportion of agranulocytes compared to females in smaller groups. Our results provide evidence for age-related changes in immune cell profiles in a wild mammal, which are influenced by both the sex of the individual and their social environment.

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Senescence in immunity against helminth parasites predicts adult mortality in a wild mammal

Cited by 67 publications

References 52 publications

Why leveraging sex differences in immune trade‐offs may illuminate the evolution of senescence

Why leveraging sex differences in immune trade‐offs may illuminate the evolution of senescence

Social effects on age-related and sex-specific immune cell profiles in a wild mammal

Social effects on age-related and sex-specific immune cell profiles in a wild mammal

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