“…During GSHP operation, particles in the recharge water (e.g., fine sand, colloidal particles, metallic oxides, bacteria, and biofilm) can deposit in the ground and even block the confined aquifer after long‐term recharge. This phenomenon has been highlighted by numerous studies (Alaica & Dworkin, ; Luo et al, ; Park, Kim, & Lee, ; S. L. Shen, Wu, Xu, Hino, & Wu, ; Wu, Shen, Cheng, & Hino, ). To understand this phenomenon, the kinetic characteristics of particles in porous medium under variable temperatures should be explored.…”