Semeadura De Soja Em Função De Mecanismos Dosadores E Velocidade Operacional

Abstract

SEMEADURA DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DE MECANISMOS DOSADORES E VELOCIDADE OPERACIONAL
 
 TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA1, ARTHUR GABRIEL CALDAS LOPES1, FRANCISCO FAGGION1, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA2, SAULO FERNANDO GOMES DE SOUSA3
 
 1 Faculdade de Agronomia e Med. Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, CEP70910-900, Brasil, tiagocorreia@unb.br, Arthur.grb10@gmail.com, ffaggion@yahoo.com
 2 Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, paulo.arbex@unesp.br
 3 Agroefetiva consultoria Ltda, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, saulofgs@hotmail.com
 
 RESUMO: Dentre os mecanismos distribuidores de sementes disponíveis ao produtor de grãos, o de disco horizontal é amplamente utilizado, podendo ser convencional ou com tecnologia Titanium. Independentemente da escolha, ambos devem proporcionar correta distribuição longitudinal de sementes no sulco de semeadura, sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição longitudinal de sementes de soja por mecanismo dosador de disco horizontal convencional e Titanium em diferentes velocidades de semeadura. O experimento foi realizado em campo experimental do Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola da Universidade de Brasília. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo dosadores de sementes (convencional e Titanium) e velocidades de semeadura (4,5, 6,2 e 8,2 km h-1), com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações de espaçamentos aceitáveis, falhas e duplas; índice de precisão e desempenho qualitativo dos dosadores. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 5%). Velocidade de semeadura maior que 4,5 km h-1 provoca maior índice de falhas e duplas e diminui a precisão dos dosadores de disco horizontal. A 8,2 km h-1, o índice de aceitáveis do Titanium é 17% maior, falhas 33% menor e a precisão 19,8% maior.
 
 Palavras-chaves: distribuição longitudinal, falhas, plantabilidade, Titanium.
 
 SOYBEAN SOWING IN FUNCTION OF DOSING MECHANISMS AND OPERATIONAL SPEED
 
 ABSTRACT: Among the seed distribution mechanisms available to the grain producer, the horizontal disc is widely used, and can be conventional or with Titanium technology. Regardless of the choice, both should provide correct longitudinal distribution of seeds in the sowing furrow, therefore, the objective of the work was to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of soybean seeds per conventional horizontal disc dosing mechanism and Titanium at different sowing speeds. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field at the Agricultural Mechanization Laboratory at the University of Brasília. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with seed dosing device (Conventional and Titanium) and sowing speeds (4.5; 6.2 and 8.2 km h-1), with four replications. Evaluations of acceptable, failure and double spacing were performed; precision index and qualitative performance of dosing device. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Tukey test (p ≤ 5%). Sowing speed greater than 4.5 km h-1 causes a higher rate of failures and doubles and decreases the precision of the horizontal disk dosing. The speed of 8.2 km h-1 the acceptable rate of Titanium is 17% higher, failure is 33% lower and the precision 19.8% higher.
 
 Keywords: longitudinal distribution, flaws, plantability, Titanium.

Plantability and Influence of the Application of Graphite Associated With the Chemical Treatment of Soybean Seeds

“…Studies carried out by Correia et al (2020), consolidate that the operating speed is directly proportional to the planting quality, increasing the number of faulty and double spacings and reducing the acceptable spacing, such information corroborates the results presented in figure 5.…”

“…The observed results corroborate those obtained by Mantovani (1999), who verified that the chemical treatment of the seeds modifies their surface condition, increasing the roughness and hindering the correct filling of the alveoli in the feeders. Correia et al (2020) in an evaluation of different metering mechanisms, stated that, speeds above 4.5 km h -1 cause higher failure and double-spacing rates in soybean crops, which contributes to justify the behavior of T1V1 in relation to the double-spacing index, where it was verified 14.74% of double spacing for T1V1, and statistical differentiation in relation to the other treatments. With the increase in the work speed, the peripheral rotation of the disc also increases, causing, in this case, loss of efficiency of the doubles eliminator (scraper), showing the influence of speed in the expression of double spacings (Figure 3).…”

Can Sowing Speed Affect Corn Yield?

“…At the speeds V3 (7 km h -1 ) and V4 (9 km h -1 ) there was no statistical difference, which can be explained by the limitation of the sowing machine in performing the operation above the speed limits pre-established in the equipment manual. Correia et al (2020) stated that the operating speed is directly related to the seeding quality, so that higher speeds increase the faulty and doub le spacings and reduce the acceptable spacings.…”

“…At high speeds, the seed and fertilizer dosing mechanism become overloaded and loses its ability to perform the function correctly. High speeds hinder crop establishment (Dias et al, 2009;Francisco et al, 2016;Correia et al, 2020). So, the poor initial formation of the crop can compromise its final productivity.…”

Semeadura de soja com disco dosador agrupado pneumático sob diferentes velocidades operacionais

“…The spatial arrangement of grain crops is basically obtained in the sowing operation, and may vary depending on the density of deposited seeds, distance between lines and geometric arrangement between lines, such factors contribute to the arrangement and development of plants during growth, and may alter productive performance (SILVA et al, 2015). Correia et al (2020) state that for soybean sowing the speed of 4.5 km h -1 provides a higher index of acceptable spacing and a lower index of faulty and double spacing, when compared to the speeds of 6.2 and 8.2 km h -1 .…”