Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour

Abstract

This paper argues that empirical, conceptual, and statistical difficulties characterise previous demonstrations that self‐schemas moderate the relationship between intentions and behaviour. A longitudinal study (n=163) was designed to overcome limitations of previous research. Theory of planned behaviour variables, past behaviour, and self‐schemas were assessed in relation to exercise. Behaviour was followed up two weeks later. Findings showed that self‐schemas moderated the intention–behaviour relation such that schematics were more likely to enact their intentions to exercise compared to unschematics. Evidence suggested that the importance dimension of self‐schema measures was responsible for the moderator effect. Self‐schemas were also associated with improved prediction of behavioural intentions after controlling for the other predictors. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Exercise promotion: An integration of exercise self‐identity, beliefs, intention, and behaviour

“…First, exercise identity was the second strongest correlate of exercise intention and of similar magnitude as the affective attitudeÁexercise intention relationship. Given the fact that a recent metaanalysis on the relationship between affective exercise attitude and exercise behaviour has demonstrated that this relationship is of medium size (summary r 0 0.42) (Rhodes, Fiala, & Conner, 2010b), the similar correlations found between identity and exercise in the present and other exercise studies (Hamilton & White, 2008;Jackson et al, 2003;Lau et al, 2004;Sheeran & Orbell, 2000;Strachan et al, 2010), as well as studies on diet and smoking (Van den Putte et al, 2009), indicate that self-identity may be usefully added to the theory of planned behaviour as an antecedent of intention. Regarding behaviour, exercise identity was the strongest correlate of self-reported exercise behaviour, with those reporting a stronger exercise identity also exercising more minutes per week.…”

“…Second, given the lack of research on this issue, the second research question focused on the selfidentity-by-intention interaction in the explanation of exercise behaviour. In line with the result of Sheeran and Orbell (2000), we hypothesized that the intentionÁexercise relationship would be stronger in individuals with higher exercise self-identity. For the final research question, we wished to supplement commonly applied intentionÁexercise behavioural profiles with exercise identity and identify-relevant predictors of these intentionÁidentityÁexercise profiles.…”

Exercise promotion: An integration of exercise self‐identity, beliefs, intention, and behaviour

“…First, exercise identity was the second strongest correlate of exercise intention and of similar magnitude as the affective attitudeÁexercise intention relationship. Given the fact that a recent metaanalysis on the relationship between affective exercise attitude and exercise behaviour has demonstrated that this relationship is of medium size (summary r 0 0.42) (Rhodes, Fiala, & Conner, 2010b), the similar correlations found between identity and exercise in the present and other exercise studies (Hamilton & White, 2008;Jackson et al, 2003;Lau et al, 2004;Sheeran & Orbell, 2000;Strachan et al, 2010), as well as studies on diet and smoking (Van den Putte et al, 2009), indicate that self-identity may be usefully added to the theory of planned behaviour as an antecedent of intention. Regarding behaviour, exercise identity was the strongest correlate of self-reported exercise behaviour, with those reporting a stronger exercise identity also exercising more minutes per week.…”

“…Second, given the lack of research on this issue, the second research question focused on the selfidentity-by-intention interaction in the explanation of exercise behaviour. In line with the result of Sheeran and Orbell (2000), we hypothesized that the intentionÁexercise relationship would be stronger in individuals with higher exercise self-identity. For the final research question, we wished to supplement commonly applied intentionÁexercise behavioural profiles with exercise identity and identify-relevant predictors of these intentionÁidentityÁexercise profiles.…”

Impact of Online-Delivered eHealth Literacy Intervention on eHealth Literacy and Health Behavior Outcomes among Female College Students during COVID-19

“…Moreover, considering that the participants were Korean female college students who were vulnerable to healthcare, the effects of the intervention are positive, and it is encouraging that it would be an important factor in influencing the improvement of cognitive exercise self-schemata among female college students with low levels of physical activity. The findings can be supported based on previous studies that show that exercise self-schematic [35,50] and eHL [11,25,27] positively impact various positive health outcomes, and they are closely related [31] in cross-sectional studies. However, these findings should be cautiously interpreted, as participants were limited to Korean female college students only.…”

Social identities in physical activity promotion for sedentary women

“…This suggests that exercise is one behaviour that is always, to some extent, under the conscious control of intentions, regardless of exercise habit or routine. In their study, however, Norman et al found that past behaviour did add directly to the prediction of exercise behaviour, which is consistent with the metaanalysis of Conner and Armitage (1998) and other recent studies (Sheeran & Orbell, 2000). In addition, Norman et al found that past behaviour moderated the perceived behavioural control -behaviour relationship.…”

Exercise promotion: An integration of exercise self‐identity, beliefs, intention, and behaviour

“…First, exercise identity was the second strongest correlate of exercise intention and of similar magnitude as the affective attitudeÁexercise intention relationship. Given the fact that a recent metaanalysis on the relationship between affective exercise attitude and exercise behaviour has demonstrated that this relationship is of medium size (summary r 0 0.42) (Rhodes, Fiala, & Conner, 2010b), the similar correlations found between identity and exercise in the present and other exercise studies (Hamilton & White, 2008;Jackson et al, 2003;Lau et al, 2004;Sheeran & Orbell, 2000;Strachan et al, 2010), as well as studies on diet and smoking (Van den Putte et al, 2009), indicate that self-identity may be usefully added to the theory of planned behaviour as an antecedent of intention. Regarding behaviour, exercise identity was the strongest correlate of self-reported exercise behaviour, with those reporting a stronger exercise identity also exercising more minutes per week.…”

“…Second, given the lack of research on this issue, the second research question focused on the selfidentity-by-intention interaction in the explanation of exercise behaviour. In line with the result of Sheeran and Orbell (2000), we hypothesized that the intentionÁexercise relationship would be stronger in individuals with higher exercise self-identity. For the final research question, we wished to supplement commonly applied intentionÁexercise behavioural profiles with exercise identity and identify-relevant predictors of these intentionÁidentityÁexercise profiles.…”

Impact of Online-Delivered eHealth Literacy Intervention on eHealth Literacy and Health Behavior Outcomes among Female College Students during COVID-19

“…Moreover, considering that the participants were Korean female college students who were vulnerable to healthcare, the effects of the intervention are positive, and it is encouraging that it would be an important factor in influencing the improvement of cognitive exercise self-schemata among female college students with low levels of physical activity. The findings can be supported based on previous studies that show that exercise self-schematic [35,50] and eHL [11,25,27] positively impact various positive health outcomes, and they are closely related [31] in cross-sectional studies. However, these findings should be cautiously interpreted, as participants were limited to Korean female college students only.…”

Social identities in physical activity promotion for sedentary women

“…This suggests that exercise is one behaviour that is always, to some extent, under the conscious control of intentions, regardless of exercise habit or routine. In their study, however, Norman et al found that past behaviour did add directly to the prediction of exercise behaviour, which is consistent with the metaanalysis of Conner and Armitage (1998) and other recent studies (Sheeran & Orbell, 2000). In addition, Norman et al found that past behaviour moderated the perceived behavioural control -behaviour relationship.…”

Exercise promotion: An integration of exercise self‐identity, beliefs, intention, and behaviour

“…First, exercise identity was the second strongest correlate of exercise intention and of similar magnitude as the affective attitudeÁexercise intention relationship. Given the fact that a recent metaanalysis on the relationship between affective exercise attitude and exercise behaviour has demonstrated that this relationship is of medium size (summary r 0 0.42) (Rhodes, Fiala, & Conner, 2010b), the similar correlations found between identity and exercise in the present and other exercise studies (Hamilton & White, 2008;Jackson et al, 2003;Lau et al, 2004;Sheeran & Orbell, 2000;Strachan et al, 2010), as well as studies on diet and smoking (Van den Putte et al, 2009), indicate that self-identity may be usefully added to the theory of planned behaviour as an antecedent of intention. Regarding behaviour, exercise identity was the strongest correlate of self-reported exercise behaviour, with those reporting a stronger exercise identity also exercising more minutes per week.…”

“…Second, given the lack of research on this issue, the second research question focused on the selfidentity-by-intention interaction in the explanation of exercise behaviour. In line with the result of Sheeran and Orbell (2000), we hypothesized that the intentionÁexercise relationship would be stronger in individuals with higher exercise self-identity. For the final research question, we wished to supplement commonly applied intentionÁexercise behavioural profiles with exercise identity and identify-relevant predictors of these intentionÁidentityÁexercise profiles.…”

Impact of Online-Delivered eHealth Literacy Intervention on eHealth Literacy and Health Behavior Outcomes among Female College Students during COVID-19

“…Moreover, considering that the participants were Korean female college students who were vulnerable to healthcare, the effects of the intervention are positive, and it is encouraging that it would be an important factor in influencing the improvement of cognitive exercise self-schemata among female college students with low levels of physical activity. The findings can be supported based on previous studies that show that exercise self-schematic [35,50] and eHL [11,25,27] positively impact various positive health outcomes, and they are closely related [31] in cross-sectional studies. However, these findings should be cautiously interpreted, as participants were limited to Korean female college students only.…”

Social identities in physical activity promotion for sedentary women

“…This suggests that exercise is one behaviour that is always, to some extent, under the conscious control of intentions, regardless of exercise habit or routine. In their study, however, Norman et al found that past behaviour did add directly to the prediction of exercise behaviour, which is consistent with the metaanalysis of Conner and Armitage (1998) and other recent studies (Sheeran & Orbell, 2000). In addition, Norman et al found that past behaviour moderated the perceived behavioural control -behaviour relationship.…”