Self-reported pain after orthodontic treatments: a randomized controlled study on the effects of two follow-up procedures

Cozzani, Mauro; Ragazzini, Giulia; Delucchi, Alessia; Barreca, Carlo; Rinchuse, Donald J.; Servetto, Roberto; Calevo, Maria Grazia; Piras, Vincenzo

doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv032

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A recent study conducted by Cozzani et al [ 36 ], shows that telephone follow-up after orthodontic treatment might be an effective procedure to reduce the pain threshold of patients. A question arose on whether to implement this procedure in a busy orthodontic practice or not.…”

Section: Literature Review/ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies in Orthodontic Pain Management: A Review

Hussain¹,

Toubity²,

Elias³

2017

TODENTJ

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Introduction:Patients experience pain and discomfort during active orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Pain is considered a subjective response to noxious stimuli. It can vary from person to person and is influenced by certain factors such as age, gender, previous pain experiences, stress or anxiety, and type of appliance.Objective:The objective of this literature review was to discuss conventional versus recently introduced treatment modalities used in pain management for orthodontic patients.Discussion:According to the reviewed articles, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were introduced in orthodontic pain management. However, orthodontists must use their best professional judgment to assess each case individually and select an appropriate treatment modality based on pain threshold level of an individual.Conclusion:Nevertheless, further investigations are required in this field.

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Section: Literature Review/ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies in Orthodontic Pain Management: A Review

Hussain¹,

Toubity²,

Elias³

2017

TODENTJ

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“…A large body of evidence indicates that orthodontic pain can generate negative emotions (for example, anxiety) among orthodontic patients. 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 Moreover, negative emotions would in turn exacerbate orthodontic pain among orthodontic patients. 87 , 88 Thus, orthodontic pain and negative emotions are intertwined, and this connection could be explained by the role of limbic system.…”

Section: Neural Circuits and Regulation Of Orthodontic Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…112 These behavioural modalities share a common feature: reassurance and attention distraction. It has been well documented that orthodontic patients feel anxiety and stress following orthodontic pain, and an immediate follow-up could significantly reduce their orthodontic pain levels, 83 , 84 , 85 justifying that reassuring orthodontic patients may be a viable approach for controlling orthodontic pain. CBT, a form of psychotherapy, uses several treatment sessions to correct patients' negative altitudes and decrease their anxiety.…”

Section: Management Of Orthodontic Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances in orthodontic pain

et al. 2016

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Orthodontic pain is an inflammatory pain that is initiated by orthodontic force-induced vascular occlusion followed by a cascade of inflammatory responses, including vascular changes, the recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells, and the release of neurogenic and pro-inflammatory mediators. Ultimately, endogenous analgesic mechanisms check the inflammatory response and the sensation of pain subsides. The orthodontic pain signal, once received by periodontal sensory endings, reaches the sensory cortex for pain perception through three-order neurons: the trigeminal neuron at the trigeminal ganglia, the trigeminal nucleus caudalis at the medulla oblongata and the ventroposterior nucleus at the thalamus. Many brain areas participate in the emotion, cognition and memory of orthodontic pain, including the insular cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus and hypothalamus. A built-in analgesic neural pathway—periaqueductal grey and dorsal raphe—has an important role in alleviating orthodontic pain. Currently, several treatment modalities have been applied for the relief of orthodontic pain, including pharmacological, mechanical and behavioural approaches and low-level laser therapy. The effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief has been validated, but its effects on tooth movement are controversial. However, more studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of other modalities. Furthermore, gene therapy is a novel, viable and promising modality for alleviating orthodontic pain in the future.

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“…Regarding individual characteristics, the fact that women reported a greater impact of orthodontic pain is corroborated in the literature . This difference was attributed to the presence of sex hormones; however, this is speculative because these conditions were not evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Regarding age, some authors observed that adolescents report higher intensity and prevalence of pain after orthodontic appliance activation . Regarding sex, others have observed that women report higher mean pain scores . Patients’ socioeconomic stratum has also been considered to be relevant in the evaluation of pain .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain perception in orthodontic patients: A model considering psychosocial and behavioural aspects

Campos

Santos-Pinto

Marôco

et al. 2019

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Objectives:To estimate the agreement between orthodontic pain perception, evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), and psychosocial and behavioural aspects of pain and to estimate the impact of clinical and demographic characteristics on these aspects.Design: Cross-sectional design using non-probabilistic sampling. Setting and Sample Population:Orthodontic patients undergoing treatment at orthodontic clinics (n = 507 [63.3% women], mean age: 26.32 [SD = 11.70] years). Materials and Methods:Psychosocial and behavioural aspects of pain were evaluated using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-Orthodontic). Agreement between the pain impact level assessed according to different methods was estimated using the linear-weighted Kappa (κ p ) statistic. Structural models were elaborated to estimate the impact of clinical and demographic characteristics on the psychosocial and behavioural aspects of pain. The fit of the model was evaluated, and the z test (α = 5%) was used to estimate the significance of the impact (β). Results:The agreement between VAS and MPI-Orthodontic factors was inadequate (κ p = 0.028-0.584). The fit of the structural models was adequate. Women, younger individuals, and those who reported difficulty/pain with feeding exhibited greater perception of both the psychosocial and behavioural aspects. Individuals in lower socioeconomic strata who were not satisfied with treatment and did not seek treatment voluntarily exhibited greater perception of the psychosocial aspect of pain. Conclusions:The impact of orthodontic pain on psychosocial and behavioural aspects of patients' lives is a relevant issue. Clinical and demographic characteristics contributed to these aspects; however, pain intensity as a sole measure may be insufficient for an adequate understanding of pain perception. K E Y W O R D Sorthodontics, pain, psychosocial impact

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Self-reported pain after orthodontic treatments: a randomized controlled study on the effects of two follow-up procedures

Abstract: 182 Reg 2014, 16/09/2014 Comitato Etico Regione Liguria, Sez.3.

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Methodologies in Orthodontic Pain Management: A Review

Methodologies in Orthodontic Pain Management: A Review

Current advances in orthodontic pain

Pain perception in orthodontic patients: A model considering psychosocial and behavioural aspects

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