Self-healing thermoplastic elastomeric materials: Challenges, opportunities and new approaches

Aiswarya, S; Awasthi, Pratiksha; Banerjee, Shib Shankar

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111658

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Elastomers, a category of polymers characterized by high elasticity and viscoelasticity, possess the ability to revert to their initial form after undergoing stretching or deformation and are known for their outstanding resistance to abrasion, tearing, and impact. Elastomers find applicability across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, electronics, healthcare, and biomedicine [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. There are two types of elastomers: thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) (e.g., thermoplastic polyester elastomers, thermoplastic polyether elastomers, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, thermoplastic polyamide elastomers) and thermosets (e.g., vulcanized natural or industrial rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, cross-linked polyester elastomers, cross-linked polyurethane elastomers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Burelo,

Martínez,

Hernández-Varela

et al. 2024

Molecules

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In 2021, global plastics production was 390.7 Mt; in 2022, it was 400.3 Mt, showing an increase of 2.4%, and this rising tendency will increase yearly. Of this data, less than 2% correspond to bio-based plastics. Currently, polymers, including elastomers, are non-recyclable and come from non-renewable sources. Additionally, most elastomers are thermosets, making them complex to recycle and reuse. It takes hundreds to thousands of years to decompose or biodegrade, contributing to plastic waste accumulation, nano and microplastic formation, and environmental pollution. Due to this, the synthesis of elastomers from natural and renewable resources has attracted the attention of researchers and industries. In this review paper, new methods and strategies are proposed for the preparation of bio-based elastomers. The main goals are the advances and improvements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of bio-based elastomers from natural and industrial rubbers, polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyethers, and an approach to their circular economy and sustainability. Olefin metathesis is proposed as a novel and sustainable method for the synthesis of bio-based elastomers, which allows for the depolymerization or degradation of rubbers with the use of essential oils, terpenes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols from natural resources such as chain transfer agents (CTA) or donors of the terminal groups in the main chain, which allow for control of the molecular weights and functional groups, obtaining new compounds, oligomers, and bio-based elastomers with an added value for the application of new polymers and materials. This tendency contributes to the development of bio-based elastomers that can reduce carbon emissions, avoid cross-contamination from fossil fuels, and obtain a greener material with biodegradable and/or compostable behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Burelo,

Martínez,

Hernández-Varela

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…From the past decade, stimuli-responsive materials have emerged as a promising class of materials and opened up new horizons in the smart materials research with their ecofriendly adaptability, variable functions, and technology-specified applications. [1] Such versatility makes these materials quite exclusive compared to other smart materials, namely, self-healing materials, [2][3][4][5] shape memory materials, [6][7][8][9] liquid metals, [10][11][12] etc., and they can therefore be used as the one-stop solution for some of the advanced soft technological applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, etc. These progressive materials are sensitive to different environmental conditions and adjust themselves with the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli–Responsive Mechanoadaptive Elastomeric Composite Materials: Challenges, Opportunities, and New Approaches

Dolui,

Natarajan,

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Stimuli‐responsive mechano‐adaptive materials, capable of reversibly changing their mechanical properties when exposed to an external stimulus, are the next generation of smart materials with immense transformative potential for various technological applications. Although the concept of adaptive mechanical properties has been proven for some materials, it remains very challenging for soft elastomeric materials. The aim of this review is to provide new ideas and strategies for the development of mechano‐adaptive elastomeric composites using commercial rubber as the matrix polymer. The fundamental question addressed here is: How do the phase‐responsive functional fillers alter the mechanical properties? For a given physical network environment, what is the mechanism that gives rise to the stimuli‐responsive properties of the resulting composites?? This paper summarizes the preparation, structure and properties of recently developed mechano‐adaptive elastomeric materials. Furthermore, based on their structure‐property relationships, plausible applications of these smart materials in various technology‐specific applications such as soft robotics, actuators, sensors, smart tires, automotive design, aerospace etc. are demonstrated with representative examples. Finally, the paper critically discusses the existing challenges in the field of mechano‐adaptive elastomers in order to provide valuable insights in this area.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…24,25 TPEs are used in a wide range of industrial applications due to their good processability, unique rubber-like elasticity, and excellent mechanical properties. 9,26 Among the different classes of block copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymer is an interesting commercial TPE. It has a segmented copolymer structure with micro-phase-separated blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a soft polymeric material that typically consists of a hard thermoplastic segment that provides thermoplastic‐like processability and a soft rubbery segment that provides rubber‐like elasticity 24,25 . TPEs are used in a wide range of industrial applications due to their good processability, unique rubber‐like elasticity, and excellent mechanical properties 9,26 . Among the different classes of block copolymers, styrene‐isoprene‐styrene (SIS) block copolymer is an interesting commercial TPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct ink writing‐based additive manufacturing of styrene‐isoprene‐styrene block copolymer

Goyal,

Yesu,

Banerjee

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a hybrid polymeric material with immense potential for industrial application due to its unique elasticity, processability, and excellent mechanical properties. However, 3D printing of TPEs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) is challenging due to their poor layer coalescence, high melt viscosity, and weak column strength. In the present work, styrene‐isoprene‐styrene (SIS) block copolymer, a commercially available TPE material, was successfully 3D printed using a direct ink writing (DIW)‐based additive manufacturing process to enhance its design flexibility. The rheology of the prepared inks has a great influence on the printability, layer formability, and resolution of the 3D printed parts. Hansen's solubility criteria were used exclusively, to investigate the most suitable solvent to prepare the inks for the DIW technique, implying better solubility of toluene than THF. This is in line with experimental results that the 3D printed specimens from SIS/toluene inks demonstrate higher stretchability, elastic modulus and tensile strength over the 3D printed specimens from the SIS/THF inks. It has been shown that the selection of a suitable ink and the optimum level of SIS concentration is essential for the successful fabrication of parts using DIW to make them suitable for end use.Highlights The DIW process has been investigated for 3D printing of SIS block copolymers. The rheology of the developed inks has a great influence on printability and layer formability. The 3D printed samples showed high elongation at break, elastic modulus, and tensile strength.

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Self-healing thermoplastic elastomeric materials: Challenges, opportunities and new approaches

Cited by 27 publications

References 199 publications

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Stimuli–Responsive Mechanoadaptive Elastomeric Composite Materials: Challenges, Opportunities, and New Approaches

Direct ink writing‐based additive manufacturing of styrene‐isoprene‐styrene block copolymer

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