Self-healing polymers

Wang, Siyang; Urban, Marek W.

doi:10.1038/s41578-020-0202-4

Cited by 858 publications

(736 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Liquid miscibility is a central consideration in many fields of science and technology, including separation/extraction ( 20 , 21 ), advanced materials formulation ( 22 , 23 ), food ( 24 ) and pharmaceutical ( 25 , 26 ) formulations, environment and sustainability ( 27 , 28 ), and even outer-space planet formation ( 29 ). Often, multicomponent mixtures are involved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Like dissolves like: A first-principles theory for predicting liquid miscibility and mixture dielectric constant

et al. 2021

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Liquid mixtures are ubiquitous. Miscibility and dielectric constant are fundamental properties that govern the applications of liquid mixtures. However, despite their importance, miscibility is usually predicted qualitatively based on the vaguely defined polarity of the liquids, and the dielectric constant of the mixture is modeled by introducing mixing rules. Here, we develop a first-principles theory for polar liquid mixtures using a statistical field approach, without resorting to mixing rules. With this theory, we obtain simple expressions for the mixture’s dielectric constant and free energy of mixing. The dielectric constant predicted by this theory agrees well with measured data for simple binary mixtures. On the basis of the derived free energy of mixing, we can construct a miscibility map in the parameter space of the dielectric constant and molar volume for each liquid. The predicted miscibility shows remarkable agreement with known data, thus providing a quantitative basis for the empirical “like-dissolves-like” rule.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Like dissolves like: A first-principles theory for predicting liquid miscibility and mixture dielectric constant

et al. 2021

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“…When the molecular flakes within such stacks are covalently linked, they can form stretchable and healable nanofibers. [ 25 ] These ultrastretchable and possibly electrically conducting nanofibers can have many diverse applications in materials, electronics, and sensing.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretch‐Healable Molecular Nanofibers

Han

Langer

Medveď

et al. 2020

Advcd Theory and Sims

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Ultrastretchable nanofibers formed by covalently linked molecular flakes are introduced. Molecular dynamics simulations show that mixed coronene and perfluorocoronene molecular flakes in aqueous solutions form linear stacks having predominantly an alternating pattern. When such molecular flakes are covalently connected by short flexible molecular linkers into chains of various organizations, they can form stretchable and healable fibers with parameters dependent on humidity.

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“…The reversible noncovalent bond class includes a wide spectrum of different chemical interactions as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination bonding, and π-π stacking that can be all grouped under the common frame of supramolecular dynamic chemistry. [62,[65][66][67] Usually, the formation of these bonds does not require high amounts of energy (≈10 kcal mol -1 ). Consequently, they are strongly susceptible to the external environment: this helps the reversibility of the process and it is one of the main reasons that have aided their diffusion in many roomtemperature SH materials, as the damaged bonds can easily and spontaneously reform, thus repairing the fracture.…”

Section: Noncovalent Bond-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a deeper comprehension of the structural healing mechanisms of polymers, which falls outside the aim of this paper, the interested reader is referred to more specialist reviews. [58,[62][63][64]…”

Section: Intrinsic Self-healing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Self‐Healing in Lithium Batteries: Strategies for Next‐Generation Energy Storage Devices

Mezzomo

Ferrara

Brugnetti

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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An improved lifetime can be achieved by exploiting higher intrinsic durability of the materials, or by repairing the deteriorated component and restoring its original properties. Indeed, in the last years, several attempts to improve the lifetime of widespread devices (prosthetics, batteries, solar cells, lighting devices, etc.) were reported. [4-8] However, traditional techniques (welding, gluing, patching) need in situ application of fresh healing materials, and are not applicable to many modern complex devices that require disassembly and targeted operations well beyond the expertise of the final user. Moreover, repair by specialized personnel may be impossible or unsustainable from an economic point of view. To overcome these problems, a radically new strategy that can pave the way for more durable materials is emerging: the concept of selfhealing (SH). [9] This term refers to those smart materials that can automatically restore some, or all, of their functions after having suffered of an external damage that degraded their original properties. This usually has to do with autonomous recovery of physical cracks, but may include a wider range of features prolonging the lifetime of a material/ device, which space from anticorrosion to bactericidal properties. [10,11] By tailoring an appropriate response of the system, it becomes possible to design a material that can respond to various external perturbations and accommodate their eventual disturbance. The idea at the base of this approach is usually defined as biomimetic, since it takes inspiration from nature and mimic it in solving complex technological problems. [12] During the years, many different materials or technologies, naively depicted in Figure 1a, have taken inspiration from nature (as Velcro tape which mimics tiny hooks on bur fruits, naturally ventilated facades that mime termites' mounds, hydrophobic lotus-leaf coatings, and iridescent or adhesive surfaces respectively inspired by butterflies and geckos) and self-healing is not an exception. [13-15] In fact, in nature many organisms are capable of healing damages and of restoring their functionalities: skin, bones, plants, and other living systems can sense any failure and reconstruct the injured biological part which recovers its original functionalities. [16-18] Since these features lengthen the life of natural living beings, analog mechanisms can be exploited in artificial self-healing materials to benefit the Major improvements in stability and performance of batteries are still required for a more effective diffusion in industrial key sectors such as automotive and foldable electronics. An encouraging route resides in the implementation into energy storage devices of self-healing features, which can effectively oppose the deterioration upon cycling that is typical of these devices. In order to provide a comprehensive view of the topic, this Review first summarizes the main self-healing processes that have emerged in the multifaceted field of smart materials, classifying them on the basis of t...

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Self-healing polymers

Cited by 858 publications

References 232 publications

Like dissolves like: A first-principles theory for predicting liquid miscibility and mixture dielectric constant

Like dissolves like: A first-principles theory for predicting liquid miscibility and mixture dielectric constant

Stretch‐Healable Molecular Nanofibers

Exploiting Self‐Healing in Lithium Batteries: Strategies for Next‐Generation Energy Storage Devices

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