“…Inspired by natural living materials, scientists have developed synthetic self-healing polymers capable of repairing fractures or damages at the microscopic scale and restoring mechanical strengths at the macroscopic scale [1][2][3] . The healing capability usually relies on extrinsic curing-agent encapsulates released upon fractures 4,5 or on intrinsic dynamic bonds, such as dynamic covalent bonds 6,7 and physical bonds [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , that autonomously reform after fracture-induced dissociations. Thanks to their healing capability, these polymers have enabled a wide range of applications, such as flexible electronics [16][17][18] , energy transducers 12,19 , soft robotics 20,21 , lithium batteries 22 , water membranes 23 , and biomedical devices 24 .…”