Self-Folding Textiles through Manipulation of Knit Stitch Architecture

Knittel, Chelsea E.; Nicholas, Diana; Street, Reva M.; Schauer, Caroline L.; Dion, Geneviève

doi:10.3390/fib3040575

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Researchers working in the area of knit structure development have been able to use knit operations to incorporate similar structuring into knit textiles. Self‐folding knits, reminiscent of origami, have been formed through alternating knit and purl loops [ 195,196 ] (Figure 1d), or through varying the number of stitches in adjacent rows, forcing “bubbling” through short row and transfer‐based increase and decrease shaping techniques. [ 196 ] Unlike origami, these knit structures have the advantage that they can potentially be made in tubes without added adhesives or connection strategies, enabling complex shell structures like multi‐branched tubes (Figure 1g).…”

Section: Textile Science and Technology For The Future Of Wearable Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Technology for Soft Robotic and Autonomous Garments

Sánchez¹,

Walsh²,

Wood³

2020

Adv Funct Materials

168

123

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Textiles have emerged as a promising class of materials for developing wearable robots that move and feel like everyday clothing. Textiles represent a favorable material platform for wearable robots due to their flexibility, low weight, breathability, and soft hand‐feel. Textiles also offer a unique level of programmability because of their inherent hierarchical nature, enabling researchers to modify and tune properties at several interdependent material scales. With these advantages and capabilities in mind, roboticists have begun to use textiles, not simply as substrates, but as functional components that program actuation and sensing. In parallel, materials scientists are developing new materials that respond to thermal, electrical, and hygroscopic stimuli by leveraging textile structures for function. Although textiles are one of humankind's oldest technologies, materials scientists and roboticists are just beginning to tap into their potential. This review provides a textile‐centric survey of the current state of the art in wearable robotic garments and highlights metrics that will guide materials development. Recent advances in textile materials for robotic components (i.e., as sensors, actuators, and integration components) are described with a focus on how these materials and technologies set the stage for wearable robots programmed at the material level.

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Section: Textile Science and Technology For The Future Of Wearable Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Technology for Soft Robotic and Autonomous Garments

Sánchez¹,

Walsh²,

Wood³

2020

Adv Funct Materials

168

123

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“…This design flexibly enables knit geometries to function similar to origami tessellation patterns. [ 29,30 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetically Tunable, Active Auxetic, and Variable Recruitment Active Textiles from Hierarchical Assemblies

Granberry

Barry

Holschuh

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Multifunctional textiles with programmable, multi‐axial, distributed, and scalable actuation are highly desirable and presently unrealized. 1D torque‐unbalanced active yarns within 2D textile structures are exploited to produce soft and scalable active textiles that exhibit tunable displacements, forces, stiffnesses, and kinematic deformations. Through a textile hierarchy spanning active material composition, yarn construction, textile geometry, and system architecture, these active textiles accomplish kinetic tunability, variable recruitment behaviors, and auxetic effects without mechanical contact, called active auxetic effects. New modes of pre‐programmed multi‐axial performance are enabled by geometrically manipulating—specifically pre‐stressing and constraining—active filaments in torsion and leveraging their structural elastic instability within a textile geometry. The new kinematic motion afforded by torque‐unbalanced active yarns enhances the performance of active textiles, which accomplish tensile strokes over 40%, generated blocked forces up to 308 N m−1, and specific work over 0.4. kJ kg−1. Advances in active textiles are demonstrated through multifunctional 3D applications, including a variable constriction pump that exhibits sequential actuation, a wearable that conforms multi‐axially around the body, and a soft exoskeleton that performs assistive motions and on‐body anchoring simultaneously. By harnessing the capabilities of active materials within a textile hierarchy, advances in the potentiality of multifunctional textiles are presented.

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“…These two stitches can be combined in numerous patterns to form fabrics with wide variations in structure and behavior. 49 For example, textiles consisting of alternating columns of knit and purl stitches are rib fabrics, while textiles made up of alternating rows of knit and purl stitches are known as garter fabrics (see Figure 1(c) and (d)).…”

Section: Helicoids and The Weft Knit Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric modeling of knitted fabrics using helicoid scaffolds

Wadekar

Goel

Amanatides

et al. 2020

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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We present a bicontinuous, minimal surface (the helicoid) as a scaffold on which to define the topology and geometry of yarns in a weft-knitted fabric. Modeling with helicoids offers a geometric approach to simulating a physical manufacturing process, which should generate geometric models suitable for downstream mechanical and validity analyses. The centerline of a yarn in a knitted fabric is specified as a geodesic path, with constrained boundary conditions, running along a helicoid at a fixed distance. The shape of the yarn’s centerline is produced via an optimization process over a polyline. The distances between the vertices of the polyline are shortened and a repulsive potential keeps the vertices at a specified distance from the helicoid. These actions and constraints are formulated into a single “energy” function, which is then minimized. The yarn geometry is generated as a tube around the centerline. The optimized configuration, defined for a half loop, is duplicated, reflected, and shifted to produce the centerlines for the multiple stitches that make up a fabric. In addition, the parameters of the helicoid may be used to control the size and shape of the fabric’s stitches. We show that helicoid scaffolds may be used to define both knit and purl stitches, which are then combined to produce models of all-knit, rib, and garter fabrics.

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Self-Folding Textiles through Manipulation of Knit Stitch Architecture

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Textile Technology for Soft Robotic and Autonomous Garments

Textile Technology for Soft Robotic and Autonomous Garments

Kinetically Tunable, Active Auxetic, and Variable Recruitment Active Textiles from Hierarchical Assemblies

Geometric modeling of knitted fabrics using helicoid scaffolds

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