Self-Consistent Earthquake Fault-Scaling Relations: Update and Extension to Stable Continental Strike-Slip Faults

Leonard, Mark

doi:10.1785/0120140087

Cited by 131 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The best fit regressions of average coseismic displacement versus rupture length recently put forth by Leonard [2010Leonard [ , 2014 for interplate dip-slip events indicate that an earthquake producing an average of 11.3 ± 3.5 m offset will on average display a rupture length of 450 to >800 km. Similar regressions between rupture length and M w imply that an earthquake producing a 450 to >800 km rupture length will on average be M w 8.6 to >9 [Blaser et al, 2010;Leonard, 2014;Strasser et al, 2010]. If one asserts that the 11.3 ± 3.5 offset at Damak is a measure of the maximum rather than average slip and assumes, for example, that average offset was closer to~5.5 m, the same scaling laws lead to best estimates of rupture length > 250 km and M w > 8.2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan Frontal Thrust

Wesnousky

Kumahara

Chamlagain

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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An excavation across the Himalayan Frontal Thrust near Damak in eastern Nepal shows displacement on a fault plane dipping ~22° has produced vertical separation across a scarp equal to 5.5 m. Stratigraphic, structural, geometrical, and radiocarbon observations are interpreted to indicate that the displacement is the result of a single earthquake of 11.3 ± 3.5 m of dip‐slip displacement that occurred 1146–1256 A.D. Empirical scaling laws indicate that thrust earthquakes characterized by average displacements of this size may produce rupture lengths of 450 to >800 km and moment magnitudes Mw of 8.6 to >9. Sufficient strain has accumulated along this portion of the Himalayan arc during the roughly 800 years since the 1146–1256 A.D. earthquake to produce another earthquake displacement of similar size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan Frontal Thrust

Wesnousky

Kumahara

Chamlagain

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…We acknowledge that this empirical relationship derived from tectonic earthquake data may not be applicable to induced earthquakes at shallow depths (in part as a result of the lower effective crustal rigidity changing the relationship between seismic moment, rupture area, and fault displacement), but there are currently no equivalent relationships available for such events. The same procedure proposed here could equally be applied with another empirical relationship between magnitude and rupture dimensions (e.g., Clark et al, 2014;Leonard, 2014;Stafford, 2014). To account for the variability in that empirical relationship, we used an equivalent five-point distribution based upon equating moments and using GaussHermite quadrature (Miller and Rice, 1983).…”

Section: Residuals Of Local Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Application‐Specific Ground‐Motion Model for Induced Seismicity

Bommer¹,

Dost²,

Edwards³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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A key element of quantifying both the hazard and risk due to induced earthquakes is a suite of appropriate ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that encompass the possible shaking levels due to such events. Induced earthquakes are likely to be of smaller magnitude and shallower focal depth than the tectonic earthquakes for which most GMPEs are derived. Furthermore, whereas GMPEs for moderate-to-large magnitude earthquakes are usually derived to be transportable to different locations and applications, taking advantage of the limited regional dependence observed for such events, the characteristics of induced earthquakes warrant the development of application-specific models. A preliminary ground-motion model for induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field in The Netherlands is presented as an illustration of a possible approach to the development of these equations. The GMPE is calibrated to local recordings of small-magnitude events and captures the epistemic uncertainty in the extrapolation to larger magnitude considered in the assessment of the resulting hazard and risk.

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“…The change in volume within a fault jog due to the action of an earthquake of certain magnitude can be calculated using well-established earthquake fault scaling relationships between fault width and length, co-seismic slip and earthquake magnitude (Leonard, 2014).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the updated empirical scaling relations for strike-slip earthquakes from Leonard (2014), the rupture length (L) is given by:…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since we used an updated and corrected version of the earthquake scaling relations by Leonard (2014Leonard ( , 2012 The initial effective aperture thickness of the dilational jog ‗d' assumed for the model is 0.1 mm. This ‗d' value is reasonable for representing a dilational jog with a restricted aperture just prior the co-seismic slip and/or the reactivation of a larger dilational jog that has been sealed…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The optimal windows for seismically-enhanced gold precipitation in the epithermal environment

Sánchez-Alfaro

Reich

Driesner

et al. 2016

Ore Geology Reviews

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Epithermal gold (Au) deposits result from the combination of a sustained flux of metalrich fluids and an efficient precipitation mechanism. Earthquakes may trigger gold precipitation A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTby rapid loss of fluid pressure but their efficiency and time-integrated contribution to gold endowment are poorly constrained. In order to quantify the feedbacks between earthquake-driven fracturing and gold precipitation in the shallow crust, we studied the gold-rich fluids in the active Tolhuaca geothermal system, located in the highly seismic Southern Andes of Chile. We conditions -may significantly enhance gold precipitation rates in the shallow crust and lead to overall increases in metal endowment over time.

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Self-Consistent Earthquake Fault-Scaling Relations: Update and Extension to Stable Continental Strike-Slip Faults

Cited by 131 publications

References 86 publications

Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan Frontal Thrust

Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan Frontal Thrust

Developing an Application‐Specific Ground‐Motion Model for Induced Seismicity

The optimal windows for seismically-enhanced gold precipitation in the epithermal environment

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