Self Assembly through Sonication: An Expeditious and Green Approach for the Synthesis of Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Nanopetals and their Application as Biocatalyst

Abstract

The present study exhibits a facile method for the expeditious synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoassemblies. Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase was immobilized on the nanoassembly and its application as a nanobiocatalyst was demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis depicted petal-like morphology of the newly synthesized hybrid. The sonochemical method screened as a faster route for the synthesis of hybrid nanopetals with a marked increase in enzyme activity (15 folds). Furthermore, an additional treat-ment of the hybrid nanopetals with chemical modifiers likes 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) exhibited improved stability and reusability upto six cycles. A systematic investigation of the reaction parameters influencing the formation of lipase-embedded hybrid nanopetals was done. In addition, the nanobiocatalytic potential of hybrid nanopetals was explored in the kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols.

Immobilization of transaminase from Bacillus licheniformis on copper phosphate nanoflowers and its potential application in the kinetic resolution of RS-α-methyl benzyl amine

“…Figure 2D exhibits the enzyme activity of different sonication power levels, where 170 W (medium) showed the maximum enzyme activity as compared to the others. These results were in consistent with the earlier studies on nanoflower synthesis (Dwivedee et al 2018).…”

“…The reusability can be improved by adding some stabilizer during nanoflower synthesis which is known to reduce leaching of enzymes and also by the careful washings of reaction mixture during recycling. These results are in consistent with previous studies carried out by other researchers in which they immobilized different enzymes for the kinetic resolution of the racemic mixture (Rai et al 2018;Soni et al 2018;Dwivedee et al 2018).…”

“…Salts played an important role in the synthesis of NFs. Initially specified metal salts (CaCl 2 .2H 2 O, CoCl 2 .6H 2 O, CuSO 4 .5H 2 O and MnSO 4 .H 2 O) were screened individually at a concentration of 120 mM for the synthesis of NFs with the maximum transaminase entrapment, optimum size and shape (Dwivedee et al 2018 ). The other conditions were kept constant as following: sonication power medium (170 W), pH 7.4 of phosphate-buffer saline containing 0.25 mg/mL enzyme, and treatment time 20 min.…”

“…The morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials and their activities solely depend on the type of metal salts (inorganic components) and their complex formations with the protein (organic substance) (Dwivedee et al 2018) Page 8 of 14 Lambhiya et al Bioresources and Bioprocessing (2021) 8:126 their effect on the TA activity (Fig. 2A, B).…”

“…The combined functionalities of the protein and the inorganic material of the hybrid NFs, enables its application in biosensors (Gao et al 2020;Zhu et al 2017Zhu et al , 2018, biofuel cells (Maleki et al 2019), and in biocatalysis (Rai et al 2018).The most peculiar facet of the protein-inorganic hybrid NFs is synthesized by the conventional incubation method (reaction of mixture after three days, at room temperature), which significantly reduces their use in actual application. Nanoflower synthesis through the ultrafast sonochemical method accomplishes the limitation of the conventional method (Batule et al 2015;Dwivedee et al 2018).…”