Self‐Adaptive Plasma Chemistry and Intelligent Plasma Medicine

Abstract

Plasma‐based biomedical applications rely on the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated in cold atmospheric plasmas, where complex chemical kinetic schemes occur. The optimization of plasma medicine is thus required for each specific biomedical purpose. In the view of pharmacology, it is to optimize the active pharmaceutical ingredients. This work is thus the first attempt of such a complex task utilizing the recent development of machine learning technologies. Herein, a general method of passive plasma chemical diagnostics and optimization in real time is proposed. Based on spontaneous emission spectroscopy, an artificial neural network provides the gas chemical compositions along with other information such as temperatures. The information further passes through the second neural network which outputs the adjustments of external control inputs including energy, gas injections, and extractions to optimize the plasma chemistry.

Preclinical Cold Atmospheric Plasma Cancer Treatment

“…The wavefront is the luminous region due to the photon emissions from the excited atoms or other particles, which is also known as the “plasma bullet” [ 8 , 9 ]. During the streamer propagation in the open air with a noble gas environment such as helium, hundreds of chemical reactions occur simultaneously, each with a unique but dynamic reaction rate [ 10 ]. These chemical reactions thus generate ROS/RNS.…”

Cell Membrane Oscillations under Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Modulation

“…First, in CAP, one can control the plasma chemistry, such as specific ion concentrations, to manipulate the frequency resonance to enhance the treatment. So far, many papers have been published to introduce the accurate and automatic control of CAP using machine learning. ,, Second, CAP devices such as plasma jet and dielectric barrier discharge directly have plasma chemistry applied on target to provide RONS . Future works can focus on the resonance coupling and the additional RONS input.…”

Artificial Intelligence without Digital Computers: Programming Matter at a Molecular Scale

“…Helium-air plasma usually contains tens to a couple of hundreds of species making a thousand types of chemical reactions at the same time, considering the same molecules excited at different states are different species, and each wavelength of the photon is a chemical species. [31] Commonly used in the field of plasma medicine, the nonthermal plasma, also known as the low-temperature or cold plasma (Figure 8), [32] the oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen elements in the air can make many biomedical active species such as toxic NO and NO 2 , or therapeutically relevant O 2 À , HO 2 , and OH radicals. [32][33][34] The most commonly used cold atmospheric plasma generators are plasma jet and dielectric barrier discharge designed for cancer treatments, sterilizations, wound treatments, activation seeds in agriculture, etc.…”

“…The level of intelligence of such a plasma unit will be discussed at the end of this article. As 109 species are listed in a circle, and a line connects each product with its reactants in all 905 reactions considered in the plasma chemistry model, [ 31 ] the CPN of this work can be visualized in Figure . The chemical pathways among electrons, ions, and molecules are marked in red while the absorption and scattering of photons are in green.…”