“…For example, when analyzed using multivariate analysis methods like principal coordinate analysis, experimental colitis mice induced by 2.5% or 5% DSS showed a distinct difference in the gut microbiota structure from healthy mice, and a lower alpha diversity (assessed by Chao 1, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson indices) was noted in diseased mice compared with the healthy ones. 14,40 Similar outcomes were also observed in a rat model of UC induced by 4% DSS supplement. 41 The common features between these studies are that DSS induction resulted in significantly reduced microbial community richness and evenness and altered gut microbiota structure.…”