Selective fast pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ZnCl2 to produce furfural: Analytical Py-GC/MS study

Lü, Qiang; Chen, Dong; Zhang, Xuming; Tian, Hua; Yang, Yongping; Zhu, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2010.12.007

Cited by 169 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…This result is in good agreement with the literature results [1,5,6,10,11]. It was reported that acidic catalysts, especially for Lewis acid catalysts such as ZnCl 2 , were very effective for the conversion of anhydrosugars to furfural [1].…”

Section: The Effect Of Catalyst On the Pyrolysis Of Cellulosesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Cellulose, the most abundant terrestrial biopolymer, has been widely studied due to its potential to serve as a cheap resource for the production of chemicals such as anhydrosugars and furans derivatives through the pyrolysis process [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Catalytic pyrolysis is a high-effective thermal conversion pathway, which could be envisaged as a good method to increase productivity while decreasing undesired by-products, as well as upgrading the property of biooil [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that solid oxides, super acids, inorganic proton acids, some inorganic salts, and so forth have a remarkable effect on the pyrolytic behaviors of cellulose 2 Journal of Chemistry [1,3,4]. Rutkowski found that the AlCl 3 and CuCl 2 catalysts enhanced significantly the formation of LGO during the pyrolysis reaction of cellulose [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO₄Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Xia

Yan

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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A series of Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Zn contents and FePO 4 were used to pyrolyze cellulose to produce value added chemicals. The nature of these catalysts was characterized by ammonia-temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD), IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Noncatalytic and catalytic pyrolytic behaviors of cellulose were studied by thermogravimetric (TG) technique. The pyrolytic liquid products, that is, the biooils, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of the biooils are anhydrosugars such as levoglucosan (LGA), 1,6-anhydro--D-glucofuranose (AGF), levoglucosenone (LGO, 1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy--D-pyranosen-2-one), and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro--D-glucopyranose (DGP), as well as furan derivatives, alcohols, and so forth. Zn/ZSM-5 samples with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and the FePO 4 catalyst with Lewis acid sites were found to have a significant effect on the pyrolytic behaviors of cellulose and product distribution. These results show that Brønsted and Lewis acid sites modified remarkably components of the biooil, which could promote the production of furan compounds and LGO. On the basis of the findings, a model was proposed to describe the pyrolysis pathways of cellulose catalyzed by the solid acid catalysts.

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Section: The Effect Of Catalyst On the Pyrolysis Of Cellulosesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO₄Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Xia

Yan

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Lu et al [9] have compared the products derived either from the pyrolysis of ZnCl 2 impregnated biomass or from the pyrolysis followed by vapour catalysis with ZnCl 2 . Impregnation was found to favour the formation of water, furfural and anhydrosugars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Eibner

Broust

Blin

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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b s t r a c tCatalytic pyrolysis is a promising way to improve bio-oil product quality. In this study, metal salts were directly impregnated in biomass to generate in situ catalysts and investigate their impact on pyrolysis products. Seven metals -Ce, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn -were selected and impregnated in eucalyptus using nitrate salts. A fixed-bed reactor, pre-heated at 500• C and inerted with N 2 flow, was used for pyrolysis. Both gas and bio-oil compositions were analysed, paying particular attention to the production of anhydrosugars. The anhydrosugar yields were found to be strongly influenced by the presence of metal salt catalysts. In particular, both Zn and Co salts yielded more anhydrosugars in comparison with catalyst-free sample. Moreover, LAC (1-hydroxy-(1R)-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one) was produced in higher amounts than levoglucosan which is commonly produced without any catalyst. Metals were found to remain in all chars and tended to form metal-based nanoparticles (e.g. Cu 0 , Ni 0 , ZnO) able to act as in situ catalysts during the pyrolysis process. It seems that those metal nanoparticles are closely related to LAC production. In parallel to metal cations, nitrates were also suspected to play a significant role during pyrolysis. The suspected impact of anions on levoglucosenone production is discussed. Concerning gas yields, the impregnated nitrate salts were found to strongly affect CO 2 production.

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“…Various acid catalysts, including H3PO4 (Dobele et al 2003), H2SO4 (Sui et al 2012), solid superacid (Lu et al 2012), solid phosphoric acid (Zhang et al 2015), and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triflate ionic liquid (Kudo et al 2011), were found capable of significantly increasing the LGO formation. In addition, the formation of FF can be selectively increased using acid catalysts such as ZnCl2 (Lu et al 2011a), MgCl2 (Wan et al 2009), H2SO4 (Branca et al 2011), and CuSO4/HZSM-5 (Zhang et al 2014). However, very limited reports are available that deal with the selective production of other anhydrosugar and furan compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Analytical Production of 1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose with Zinc-Aluminium Layered Double Oxide Catalyst

Zhang¹,

Lü²,

Ye³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Zinc-aluminium layered double oxide (Zn-Al-LDO) catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared and used for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose to selectively produce 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one (LAC), which is a valuable anhydrosugar derivative. Analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were performed to investigate the LAC production under different reaction conditions. The results indicated that the Zn-Al-LDO catalysts were capable of greatly inhibiting the pyrolytic formation of levoglucosan (LG) and capable of promoting the formation of LAC and certain other products. The catalyst with the Zn/Al molar ratio of 2 exhibited the best catalytic capacity for LAC production. Both pyrolysis temperature and the catalyst-to-cellulose ratio affected the pyrolytic product distribution remarkably. The maximal LAC yield was obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 350 °C and catalyst-to-cellulose ratio of 4 and featured a peak area percentage of 21.9% (calculated by GC/MS), compared with only 3.0% from the non-catalytic process. In addition, the LDO catalyst performed better than the previously reported montmorillonite K-10 catalyst on the enhancement of LAC production.

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Selective fast pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ZnCl2 to produce furfural: Analytical Py-GC/MS study

Cited by 169 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO₄Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO₄Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Selective Analytical Production of 1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose with Zinc-Aluminium Layered Double Oxide Catalyst

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Selective fast pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ZnCl2 to produce furfural: Analytical Py-GC/MS study

Cited by 169 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO4Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO4Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Selective Analytical Production of 1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose with Zinc-Aluminium Layered Double Oxide Catalyst

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Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO₄Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis

Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO₄Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis