Selective cultivation of bacterial strains with lipolytic and hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity from bottom sediments of the Ob River, Western Siberia

Abstract

Bacteria play a key role in biogeochemical cycles in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. In river ecosystems, bacteria intensively colonize silt sediments. Microorganisms are essential for energy conversion, biogeochemical nutrient cycling, pollutant degradation, and biotransformation of organic matter; therefore, bottom sediments can be a source of metabolically diverse microorganisms, including those with promise for industrial biotechnologies. The aim of this work was to isolate and study pure cultures of microorganisms – producers of industrially important enzymes and decomposers of organic matter – from bottom sediments of the Ob River. Pork fat and diesel fuel were used as substrates to obtain enrichment and pure cultures for selective cultivation of bacteria with lipolytic and hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity. A total of 21 pure cultures were isolated. The phylogenetic position of the obtained bacterial isolates was determined based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains isolated on selective media belonged to representatives of the genera Pseudomonas and Aeromonas (Gammaproteobacteria), and the genus Microvirgula (Betaproteobacteria). The ability of strains to grow on culture media containing pork fat, olive oil and diesel fuel was analyzed. The lipolytic activity of the isolates was evidenced by cultivation on a diagnostic medium containing 1 % tributyrin. The phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of the cultivated non-pathogenic bacterial strains with lipolytic and oil-oxidizing activity revealed in the study indicates the biotechnological potential of the isolates. The most promising strains were M. aerodenitrificans sp. LM1 and P. lini sp. KGS5K3, which not only exhibited lipolytic activity on the diagnostic medium with tributyrin in a wide temperature range, but also utilized diesel fuel, pork fat and olive oil.

Water and Sediments of an Acidic Hot Spring—Distinct Differentiation with Regard to the Microbial Community Composition and Functions

“…The third most abundant component of the water microbial community was bacteria related to Thiomonas (phylum Pseudomonadota). Some of the validly published species of this genus are thermophiles [75][76][77]; all of them grow aerobically and are capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth on reduced sulfur compounds, hydrogen, iron or arsenite, or heterotrophic growth on a wide range of organic compounds, or mixotrophic growth on several organic compounds, thiosulfate and/or hydrogen [75,[77][78][79][80][81][82]. Thiomonas strains are mainly ubiquitous in arsenic-contaminated environments like acid mine drainage, and iron and sulfur-rich environments with a pH range from moderately acidic to neutral and an optimum temperature range of 25-30 • C [80,[83][84][85].…”