Selection of Xenon Gas for Rapidly Disappearing Retinal Tamponade

The Use of Polymers in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

“…Short persistence time in the vitreous cavity (comparable to air). [35] In the early 1970s, Norton used sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) for pneumatic retinopexy and found the persistence of gas and its expansive features superior to air [27]. In 1980 Lincoff et al [28] proposed the use of perfluorocarbon gases (PFCGs), i.e., C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , C 4 F 8 and C 5 F 12 ; their advantages over SF 6 include a lower requirement of intravitreal injected volumes due to increased expansion and longer persistence thanks to their low solubility [29].…”

“…Lincoff et al tested a wide series of gases in an animal model, including argon, helium, xenon, N 2 O and CO 2, to measure disappearance times [35]. Xenon was also tested in four human patients with excellent clinical outcomes (100% retinal reattachment) [36].…”

The Use of Polymers in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

“…Short persistence time in the vitreous cavity (comparable to air). [35] In the early 1970s, Norton used sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) for pneumatic retinopexy and found the persistence of gas and its expansive features superior to air [27]. In 1980 Lincoff et al [28] proposed the use of perfluorocarbon gases (PFCGs), i.e., C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , C 4 F 8 and C 5 F 12 ; their advantages over SF 6 include a lower requirement of intravitreal injected volumes due to increased expansion and longer persistence thanks to their low solubility [29].…”

“…Lincoff et al tested a wide series of gases in an animal model, including argon, helium, xenon, N 2 O and CO 2, to measure disappearance times [35]. Xenon was also tested in four human patients with excellent clinical outcomes (100% retinal reattachment) [36].…”

Modeling the dynamics of tamponade multicomponent gases during retina reattachment surgery

“…Another factor besides the molecular size and shape is its equilibrium aqueous solubility. The literature reports that Xe gas rapidly is depleted when used as a tamponade (88% removal in 3 h in rabbits) . Although Xe has a relatively large size (4.2 A), it diffuses from the eye due to is rapid dissolution into water.…”

“…The gas bubble has reduced contact with the intraocular lens. The volume and surface area of a spherical cap can be calculated from the following and …”

Nitrous oxide and internal tamponade during vitrectomy.

“…At the end of the anaesthetic, however, the nitrous oxide leaves the eye as quickly as it entered, and this will result in a precipitous drop in intraocular pressure which cannot be compensated for by increased aqueous production or movement of nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the gas bubble. The dramatic nature of this efflux was shown in an experiment by Lincoff et al 6 They found that nitrous oxide injected into the vitreous cavity of a cat was removed so rapidly when the animal was ventilated with air that the cornea became concave within 15 minutes.…”

The Use of Polymers in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

“…Short persistence time in the vitreous cavity (comparable to air). [35] In the early 1970s, Norton used sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) for pneumatic retinopexy and found the persistence of gas and its expansive features superior to air [27]. In 1980 Lincoff et al [28] proposed the use of perfluorocarbon gases (PFCGs), i.e., C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , C 4 F 8 and C 5 F 12 ; their advantages over SF 6 include a lower requirement of intravitreal injected volumes due to increased expansion and longer persistence thanks to their low solubility [29].…”

“…Lincoff et al tested a wide series of gases in an animal model, including argon, helium, xenon, N 2 O and CO 2, to measure disappearance times [35]. Xenon was also tested in four human patients with excellent clinical outcomes (100% retinal reattachment) [36].…”

Modeling the dynamics of tamponade multicomponent gases during retina reattachment surgery

“…Another factor besides the molecular size and shape is its equilibrium aqueous solubility. The literature reports that Xe gas rapidly is depleted when used as a tamponade (88% removal in 3 h in rabbits) . Although Xe has a relatively large size (4.2 A), it diffuses from the eye due to is rapid dissolution into water.…”

“…The gas bubble has reduced contact with the intraocular lens. The volume and surface area of a spherical cap can be calculated from the following and …”

Nitrous oxide and internal tamponade during vitrectomy.

“…At the end of the anaesthetic, however, the nitrous oxide leaves the eye as quickly as it entered, and this will result in a precipitous drop in intraocular pressure which cannot be compensated for by increased aqueous production or movement of nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the gas bubble. The dramatic nature of this efflux was shown in an experiment by Lincoff et al 6 They found that nitrous oxide injected into the vitreous cavity of a cat was removed so rapidly when the animal was ventilated with air that the cornea became concave within 15 minutes.…”

The Use of Polymers in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

“…Short persistence time in the vitreous cavity (comparable to air). [35] In the early 1970s, Norton used sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) for pneumatic retinopexy and found the persistence of gas and its expansive features superior to air [27]. In 1980 Lincoff et al [28] proposed the use of perfluorocarbon gases (PFCGs), i.e., C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , C 4 F 8 and C 5 F 12 ; their advantages over SF 6 include a lower requirement of intravitreal injected volumes due to increased expansion and longer persistence thanks to their low solubility [29].…”

“…Lincoff et al tested a wide series of gases in an animal model, including argon, helium, xenon, N 2 O and CO 2, to measure disappearance times [35]. Xenon was also tested in four human patients with excellent clinical outcomes (100% retinal reattachment) [36].…”

Modeling the dynamics of tamponade multicomponent gases during retina reattachment surgery

“…Another factor besides the molecular size and shape is its equilibrium aqueous solubility. The literature reports that Xe gas rapidly is depleted when used as a tamponade (88% removal in 3 h in rabbits) . Although Xe has a relatively large size (4.2 A), it diffuses from the eye due to is rapid dissolution into water.…”

“…The gas bubble has reduced contact with the intraocular lens. The volume and surface area of a spherical cap can be calculated from the following and …”

Nitrous oxide and internal tamponade during vitrectomy.

“…At the end of the anaesthetic, however, the nitrous oxide leaves the eye as quickly as it entered, and this will result in a precipitous drop in intraocular pressure which cannot be compensated for by increased aqueous production or movement of nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the gas bubble. The dramatic nature of this efflux was shown in an experiment by Lincoff et al 6 They found that nitrous oxide injected into the vitreous cavity of a cat was removed so rapidly when the animal was ventilated with air that the cornea became concave within 15 minutes.…”