Seeing Gray When Feeling Blue? Depression Can Be Measured in the Eye of the Diseased

Bubl, Emanuel; Kern, Elena; Ebert, Dieter; Bach, Michael; Elst, Ludger Tebartz van

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.009

Cited by 164 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Changes in visual CS caused by major depression were expected in the present study, based on studies that reported that neuropsychiatric disorders affect cognition and central nervous system function (Bubl et al, 2010;Duman, Heninger, & Nestler, 1997;O'Donnell et al, 2002;Slaghuis, 1998;Wolman & Stricker, 1990). Some studies used electrooculography (EOG) (Lam et al, 1991;Fountoulakis, Foutiou, Iacovides, & Kaprinis, 2005) and flash electroretinography (ERG) (Fountoulakis et al, 2005;Hébert et al, 2004;Lavoie et al, 2009) to evaluate patients with seasonal depression and reported the presence of changes in the retina at the photoreceptor level, which resulted in decreased light sensitivity in depressive patients compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Mesopic Visual Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Major Depression

Nogueira¹,

Espínola²,

Lacerda³

et al. 2013

OJD

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The present study evaluated the effects of major depression on visual contrast sensitivity (CS) at low mesopic luminance (.7 cd/m 2 mean luminance), a condition that has been little explored in the literature. We measured spatial visual CS in 20 male volunteers aged 20 -30 years, including 10 healthy individuals and 10 medicated individuals with major depression, to linear sine-wave gratings of .25, 1.0, and 4.0 cycles per degree (cpd) of visual angle using the psychophysical staircase method with forced choice. The average spatial visual CS in the depressed group was approximately 1.7 lower than the average spatial visual CS in the control group. However, the post hoc test showed significant differences only at the spatial frequencies of .25 and 1.0 cpd (p < .05), which are likely processed by the magnocellular visual pathway. These results suggest that spatial visual CS to sine-wave gratings should be used to evaluate the responsiveness of the visual system in patients with major depression under conditions of low luminance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Mesopic Visual Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Major Depression

Nogueira¹,

Espínola²,

Lacerda³

et al. 2013

OJD

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“…Recent empirical research has suggested that such descriptions may have a physiological basis since studies on retinal response purport to show a "reduced sensitivity of subjective contrast perception in depressed patients" and thus how "depression can be measured in the eye of the diseased". See Bubl et al (2010). On a broadly Humean view, our conative attitudes constitute the primary motivational force for action and are among the things that we project out on to a supposedly blank and neutral external world.…”

Section: The Correspondence Between What Is Perceived and What Is Felmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and motivation

Smith

2012

Phenom Cogn Sci

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Smith, Benedict (2012) 'Depression and motivation.', Phenomenology and the cognitive sciences., 12 (4). pp. 615-635.Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-012-9264-0Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-012-9264-0Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Depression and Motivation AbstractAmong the characteristic features of depression is a diminishment in or lack of action and motivation. In this paper, I consider a dominant philosophical account which purports to explain this lack of action or motivation. This approach comes in different versions but a common theme is, I argue, an over reliance on psychologistic assumptions about action-explanation and the nature of motivation. As a corrective I consider an alternative view that gives a prominent place to the body in motivation. Central to the experience of depression are changes to how a person is motivated to act and, also as central, are changes to bodily feelings and capacities. Iargue that broadly characterizing motivation in terms of bodily capacities can, in particular, provide a more compelling account of depressive motivational pathology.

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“…However, the causal pathway for depression is undoubtedly complex, as shown by (1) the conflicting results of different studies, (2) the independent effects of light and standard antidepressant pharmacotherapy, (3) the mediation of the relationship between light and depression by whether daily behavior followed a predictable pattern, and (4) evidence of reduced retinal contrast perception in depressed compared with non-depressed individuals. [13][14][15] We undertook this study in part to determine if there is an association between self-reported adequacy of natural light in housing and depression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Light and Risk for Depression and Falls: Results from the LARES Study of Eight European Cities

Brown

Jacobs

2011

Public Health Rep

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Objectives. We examined the relationship between self-reported inadequate residential natural light and risk for depression or falls among adults aged 18 years or older.Methods. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the odds of depression or falls in participants with self-reported inadequate natural residential light vs. those reporting adequate light (n6,017) using data from the World Health Organization's Large Analysis and Review of European Housing and Health Survey, a large cross-sectional study of housing and health in representative populations from eight European cities.Results. Participants reporting inadequate natural light in their dwellings were 1.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2,1.7) as likely to report depression and 1.5 times (95% CI 1.2, 1.9) as likely to report a fall compared with those satisfied with their dwelling's light. After adjustment for major confounders, the likelihood of depression changed slightly, while the likelihood of a fall increased to 2.5 (95% CI 1.5, 4.2).Conclusion. Self-reported inadequate light in housing is independently associated with depression and falls. Increasing light in housing, a relatively inexpensive intervention, may improve two distinct health conditions.

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Seeing Gray When Feeling Blue? Depression Can Be Measured in the Eye of the Diseased

Cited by 164 publications

References 17 publications

Mesopic Visual Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Major Depression

Mesopic Visual Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Major Depression

Depression and motivation

Residential Light and Risk for Depression and Falls: Results from the LARES Study of Eight European Cities

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