Seedling sulfide sensitivity among plant species colonizing Phragmites-infested wetlands

Seliskar, Denise M.; Smart, Kristen E.; Higashikubo, Bryan; Gallagher, John L.

doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0426:sssaps]2.0.co;2

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most obvious competitive advantage for Phragmites arises from its tall shoots (3 m), which shade the much shorter native salt marsh plants (0.2-0.8 m). Phragmites also possesses a tolerance to physical and chemical stresses associated with tidal flooding, demonstrated by its ability to flourish in soil with pore water salinities up to 15-20 ppt (Lissner and Schierup 1997;Konisky and Burdick 2004;Vasquez et al 2005) and soil pore water hydrogen sulfide up to 0.3-0.4 mM (Chambers et al 1999;Seliskar et al 2004). Further enhancing the success of Phragmites is its ability to avoid the stresses of waterlogging and toxic hydrogen sulfides by oxygenating its rhizosphere (Haslam 1972) and reducing tidal flooding by increasing marsh surface elevation (Windham and Lathrop 1999;Warren et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Peter

Burdick

2010

Estuaries and Coasts

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The rapid proliferation of Phragmites australis in North America has challenged resource managers to curb its expansion and reduce the loss of functional tidal marsh. We investigated whether native plant competition could reduce the ability of Phragmites to invade a tidal marsh, and if plant diversity (species richness, evenness, and composition) altered the competitive outcome. Immature Phragmites shoots and four native halophytes were transplanted to small but dense field plots (~1,200 shoots m −2 ) comprising three community structure types (Phragmites alone, Phragmites+1 native species, and Phragmites+4 native species). Interspecific competition significantly reduced Phragmites aboveground biomass, shoot length production, density, and survival by approximately 60%. Additionally, plots planted with greater native diversity contained Phragmites with the lowest growth and survival, potentially indicating diversity-enhanced resource competition. Competition consistently reduced the growth of Phragmites even under favorable conditions: lack of strong tidal flooding stresses as well as elevated nutrient pools.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Peter

Burdick

2010

Estuaries and Coasts

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“…As a result of anoxic conditions and large tidal input of sulfate, porewater sulfide concentrations are normally high in these waterlogged areas, sometimes exceeding 1.5 mM (Chambers 1997;Bart and Hartman 2000). Typical sulfide concentrations of marshes constrain ammonium uptake (Chambers et al 1998), ATP production (Fu¨rtig et al 1996), and limit growth in rhizome-born culms (Chambers 1997; Bart and Hartman 2000) and seedlings (Seliskar et al 2004). Finally, high marshes, barring physical disturbance, exhibit a tight vegetation cover (Bertness et al 2002) that could out-compete seedlings or isolated emerging rhizome-born culms for light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Facilitation of Phragmites australis Invasions in Tidal Marshes: A Review and Synthesis

Bart

Burdick

Chambers

et al. 2006

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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Efforts to manage or prevent Phragmites australis invasion in salt and brackish marshes are complicated by the lack of a general causal role for specific human activities. The pattern of invasion within a marsh differs among sites, and each may have different causal histories. A review of the literature finds three establishment/invasion patterns: (1) from stands established on ditch-or creek-bank levees toward interior portions of high marshes, (2) from stands along upland borders toward high marsh interiors, and (3) centroid spread from high marsh stands established in ostensibly random locations. Each invasion pattern seems to have different anthropogenic precursors, therefore preventing generalizations about the role of any one human activity in all sites. However, historical and experimental evidence suggests that regardless of invasion pattern, establishment is much more likely at sites where rhizomes are buried in well-drained, low salinity marsh areas. Any human activity that buries large rhizomes, increases drainage, or lowers salinity increases chances of establishing invasive clones. To integrate these patterns and improve our understanding of the rapid spread of Phragmites, recent evidence has been synthesized into a dichotomous flow chart which poses questions about current site conditions and the potential for proposed activities to change site conditions that may facilitate invasion. This simple framework could help managers assess susceptibility and take preventative measures in coastal marshes before invasion occurs or before removal becomes very expensive.

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“…Much data have accumulated on the control effectiveness of glyphosate herbicide (Moreira et al 1999;Ailstock et al 2001;Warren et al 2001;Turner and Warren 2003), salinity and flooding (Hellings and Gallagher 1992;Lissner and Schierup 1997;Chambers et al 1998;Vasquez et al 2005), and increased sulfide concentration (Chambers et al 2003;Seliskar et al 2004) in controlling Phragmites growth. While the effects of these factors on the aboveground culms of the plant are easily observed, the effects on the underground reserves and buds of the rhizomes are more difficult to detect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Effectiveness of Phragmites Control Measures using a Rhizome Growth Potential Bioassay

League

Seliskar

Gallagher

2006

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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In the last century, Phragmites australis (common reed) has expanded from a minor component of the mid-Atlantic tidal wetlands to a dominant species in many locations. Expansion of Phragmites results in decreased plant diversity and alterations to the tidal characteristics of the marsh, resulting in decreased wetland value. Management efforts have used a variety of strategies in an attempt to control its expansion. We tested a greenhouse bioassay that provided insight into the rhizome vitality of six herbicide-treated sites in the Alloway Creek Watershed, NJ well in advance of the growing season. At three sites, rhizomes were exhumed and classified by depth (0-25 cm and 25-75 cm) and appearance (color and firmness). Concurrently, the same protocol was followed, but conducted on an areal basis at three additional sites. Material was grown in sand under greenhouse conditions void of nutrient supplements for 70 days, after which shoots were removed and the rhizomes replanted for 30 days. Effectiveness of control strategies was quantified by examining rhizome color, vitality, and shoot densities in the field. Color was indicative of quality of rhizome reserves. Less than 0.2% of the firm, brown rhizomes produced shoots upon initial planting and none produced shoots upon replanting, whereas 50.9% of white rhizomes produced shoots on initial planting. Rhizome vitality was quantified by examining shoot emergence and the morphology of the shoots. Coupling rhizome vitality with observed field densities resulted in a predictive capability, and shoot density and biomass predictions were compared to field measurements in July 2001. We tested and accurately predicted the relative shoot densities and shoot biomass of the three sites for which we collected rhizome material on an areal basis. The result is a rapid, valuable, and cost-effective monitoring tool that can quickly quantify the effects of past control methods and predict future growth potential.

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Seedling sulfide sensitivity among plant species colonizing Phragmites-infested wetlands

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Human Facilitation of Phragmites australis Invasions in Tidal Marshes: A Review and Synthesis

Predicting the Effectiveness of Phragmites Control Measures using a Rhizome Growth Potential Bioassay

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