Seed morphology and fatty acids composition among Flax populations

Abstract

Flax (Linum usitassimum L.) of family Linaceae is one of the most important crops, which has been widely used from ancient times. The aim of the study was to examine seed morphological characteristics and fatty acids differences among 13 populations of flax (11 from Iran, one from Turkey and one from USA). We studied six morphological variables of seeds in 50 replications. The methyl esters of seeds fatty acids were analyzed using GC. We detected that the flax seeds shape and color were stable among the populations, whereas ANOVA proved significant variations for all the quantitative seed morphological features. Moreover, we found the main fatty acids of the seed oil remained consistent over the ecological and geographical ranges of the populations, except for Khorasan and Turkey populations differed from the rest by their second main fatty acid. We registered that the amounts of main fatty acids differed among the populations and ANOVA test proved significant differences for most of the identified fatty acids. In addition, significant relationships were registered between some fatty acids. The populations were clustered in UPGMA tree and PCO plot into three distinct groups. CA joined plot and PCA biplot demonstrated that each group had specific type and amount of fatty acid. Therefore, we defined three chemotypes: petroselinic acid, linoleic and linolenic acids, and oleic acid. Although, studied ecological factors influenced some fatty acids amounts, populations from different phytogeographical regions clustered closely as chemotypes. This revealed that populations of each chemotype have been originated from the same diversity center, and some secondary diversity centers exist for flax in the world.

Genetic characterization of a diversity panel, selected from IPK linseed (Linum usitatissimum) world collection

“…Several studies have vastly investigated morphological and molecular genetic variability of important linseed traits in extensive world collections (Soto‐Cerda et al, 2013; You et al, 2017). However, depending on heritability, morpho‐phenological characteristics may differ among unlike populations of the same species under different ecological conditions (Talebi et al, 2020).…”

Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Rich Populations of <i>Prinsepia utilis</i> Royle in Western Himalaya

“…A significant (p＜0.05) negative correlation between FA10 and FA 5 (r＝−0.72) might be due to the increase of one fatty acid leads to a corresponding decrease in the other 41) . The positive correlation (p＜0.001) between the fatty acids composition such as FA17 (Palmitic acid methyl ester) with FA20 (Stearic acid methyl ester) can help breeders to select such populations for domestication and further breeding programme 24) . The differences in fatty acid compositions might be due to different phases of biosynthesis of those compounds and the accumulation of fatty acids.…”

“…In addition, the genetic composition of plant 20) , variety, geographical locations, edaphic factors, climatic conditions, stage of fruit development, and their interaction are also known to influence the fatty acid composition 19,20) . Studies reported that fatty acids of Ocimum basilicum are affected by geographical and environmental variation 21) ; type of variety, climatic conditions, soil type and maturity difference in plant affect fatty acids of Mango 22) ; different geographic locations affect the fatty acids of Pinus pinea 23) ; Linum usitatissimum 24) , and Prunus sibirica 25) . However, such types of studies are lacking in P. utilis.…”

Evaluation of nuts morphology and composition of fatty acids in certain Iranian Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae) cultivars

“…For clustering analyses of the evaluated cultivars, we standardized the quantitative data (mean = 0, variance = 1) and used for Principal Coordinate Ordination (PCO), Unweighted Paired Group using Average method (UPGMA) and Principal Correspondence Analysis (PCA) by MVSP according to Talebi et al (2020).…”