Seed Germination and Reserve Mobilization

Nonogaki, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0002047.pub2

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the expectation that starch breakdown during germination occurs initially by the action of a-and b-amylase secreted from the scutellum and aleurone. These oligosaccharides are broken down to their constituent Glc units and are transported to and taken up by the scutellum, where they are reassembled into Suc, the disaccharide likely visualized by MSI (Bewley, 2001;Nonogaki, 2008). The localization of the presumable Suc disaccharide in the emerging radicle is consistent with the previously reported mobilization of Suc within the scutellum and the subsequent transport to the embryonic axis, specifically to fuel cell elongation in the radicle (Sánchez-Linares et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Spatial Mapping and Profiling of Metabolite Distributions during Germination

et al. 2017

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Germination is a highly complex process by which seeds begin to develop and establish themselves as viable organisms. In this study, we utilize a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-fluorescence, and mass spectrometry imaging approaches to profile and visualize the metabolic distributions of germinating seeds from two different inbreds of maize (Zea mays) seeds, B73 and Mo17. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography analyses demonstrate that the two inbreds are highly differentiated in their metabolite profiles throughout the course of germination, especially with regard to amino acids, sugar alcohols, and small organic acids. Crude dissection of the seed followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of polar metabolites also revealed that many compounds were highly sequestered among the various seed tissue types. To further localize compounds, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was utilized to visualize compounds in fine detail in their native environments over the course of germination. Most notably, the fatty acyl chain-dependent differential localization of phospholipids and triacylglycerols was observed within the embryo and radicle, showing correlation with the heterogeneous distribution of fatty acids. Other interesting observations include unusual localization of ceramides on the endosperm/scutellum boundary and subcellular localization of ferulate in the aleurone.Plants use seeds as the propagule to ensure reproduction to the next generation, and over the past 10,000 years, human civilizations have established agricultural practices to ensure a seed-based food supply (Larson et al., 2014). Therefore, deciphering the processes that enable seeds to perform their biological functions is of importance in understanding how plants are propagated and also is of practical importance to improve agriculture. Seeds are designed to survive long periods of dormancy in a relatively dry state, and the process of germination is initiated by the imbibition of water. During this germination process, many metabolic changes occur, most of which are associated with the catabolism of seed storage products (proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids) into metabolically usable, simpler chemical forms that are either used as precursors to assemble the growing seedling or are oxidized via energy-producing biochemical pathways to thermodynamically support growth (Bewley, 1997(Bewley, , 2001.The specific metabolic processes that support seed germination are somewhat dependent on the taxonomic clade of the plant, which determines seed tissue/ organ organization and the nature of the seed storage compounds. Specifically, the seeds of the Poaceae family of monocots are characterized by a starch-and protein-filled endosperm, and their catabolism by digestive enzymes produced in the outermost layer of the endosperm (i.e. the aleurone) provides the carbonbased and nitrogenous precursors for the growth of the embryo, which is composed of the embryonic ax...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Spatial Mapping and Profiling of Metabolite Distributions during Germination

et al. 2017

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“…No início da germinação, a embebição resulta na hidratação das matrizes, como as células da parede celular (NONOGAKI et al, 2010;NONOGAKI, 2008), compostas por manose, glucose, galactose e arabinose em sementes de tomate. Para ocorrer a degradação dessas substâncias, é necessária a produção da enzima endo-β-mananase (MO & I Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Temperatura inicial de germinação no desempenho de plântulas e mudas de tomate

et al. 2013

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RESUMO A produção de mudas é uma das etapas fundamentais para o cultivo do tomateiro e pode ser infl uenciada pela ABSTRACTSeedling production is an important step for the tomato production and can be infl uenced by the initial temperature of germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this factor in the tomato germination and seedling growth. It was used four seed lots which were tested for germination, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity to evaluate the physiological potential. After lots characterization, seeds were exposed to initial germination temperatures (20-30, 30, 33 and 35°C)

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“…The starch in the storage organs of seeds (endosperm) is degraded and converted into soluble forms that can be easily transported to the growth regions to produce energy (Bewley, 2001). These data demonstrate the superior starch hydrolysis of the high vigor hybrid in relation to its low vigor counterpart under the conditions tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Most stored compounds are used at the end of the stage two/three germination to sustain seedling growth until it becomes autotrophic; however, energy is expended on the growth and development of the radicle and plumule before germination is complete (Bewley, 2001). The seed hydration declines under a water deficit, altering and limiting the mobilization of the stored reserves to the growing tissue, which delays the germination process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant metabolism during germination of vigorous maize seeds subjected to water deficit

Prazeres¹,

Coelho²

2020

Acta Sci. Agron.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the alterations of antioxidant enzyme reserves and antioxidant enzymes during germination under water deficit in maize hybrids and to associate with seed vigor, determining the mechanisms related to tolerance for this stress. Two three-way maize hybrids were characterized by their vigor at different levels of water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. Next, the seeds were hydrated at different osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.3, and -0.9 MPa) and removed at different times to assess the levels of the total soluble protein, total soluble sugars, proline, starch, and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5% and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The vigorous hybrid (HT1) was more efficient than the low vigor hybrid seeds (HT2) in mobilizing the total soluble protein during the initial stages of germination and the total soluble sugars before and after root protrusion under water deficit in addition to increasing the catalase activity at the different osmotic potentials that were assessed.

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Seed Germination and Reserve Mobilization

Abstract: When dry seeds take in water, a chain of metabolic events is initiated that results in the emergence of the radicle, thus completing germination. Thereafter, the major stored reserves within the seed are mobilized, providing nutrients to support early seedling growth.

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Spatial Mapping and Profiling of Metabolite Distributions during Germination

Spatial Mapping and Profiling of Metabolite Distributions during Germination

Temperatura inicial de germinação no desempenho de plântulas e mudas de tomate

Osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant metabolism during germination of vigorous maize seeds subjected to water deficit

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