Secular change in growth of native children and adolescents at high altitude Huancayo, Peru (3,280 meters)

Gonzáles, Gustavo F.; Valera, J.; Rodriguez, Lewis V.; Vega, Amalia; Guerra-García, Roger

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330640103

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Such observations were also reported for Amerindians living at high altitude in the Andes (Gonzales et al, 1982(Gonzales et al, , 1984. Thus it would have been interesting to compare the amount of increase for leg length and sitting height, or the sitting height/stature ratio of the 1972 The present study showed sex differences in secular gains such that males experienced greater increase in stature than females between 1972 and 1987.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…did not find a secular increase in adult body size, they attributed their findings to an earlier sexual maturation in the 1980 group. In a further study on Huancayo natives 6-26 years (3,280 m, Peru), the same authors found a significant secular increase for stature and weight from 1937 to 1978/82 in children and adults (Gonzales et al, 1984). The authors interpreted the secular increase as a consequence of improved living conditions and a greater amount of nonnative genes in the 1978/82 sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Carey (1990) found little statistically significant evidence for a secular increase in child growth for Quechua Indians from Nuñ oa. In contrast, Gonzales et al (1984) reported a significant secular increase in stature for highland Peruvian Huancayo Indians, both children and young adults, between 1937 and 1978/ 82. The authors explained the increase by the improvement in living conditions and a greater amount of nonnative elements in Huancayo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Many authors have investigated physical growth differences between highland and lowland populations in the Andes region, but until now, only a few authors have studied secular growth changes in the Andes (Carey, 1990;Gonzales et al, 1982Gonzales et al, , 1984Leatherman et al, 1995;Leonard, 1989;Leonard et al, 1990). Therefore, the present study considers secular growth changes in Chilean Aymara Indians.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Secular growth changes in the stature and weight of Amerindian schoolchildren and adults in the Chilean Andes, 1972–1987

Dittmar

1998

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Secular growth changes in the stature and weight of Amerindian schoolchildren and adults in the Chilean Andes, 1972–1987

Dittmar

1998

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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“…Nevertheless, effects of secular change on these results cannot be excluded, as the studies on the comparative samples were published between 1944 and 1994, over a period of fifty years. It has been shown that most of the secular increase in stature in Amerindians (Gonzales et al, 1984) and other populations (e.g., Tanner et al, 1982) can be attributed to increase in leg length. Low et al (1981) reported that in Chinese girls, the observed secular increase in standing height "is the result of the secular gain inboth sitting height and lower limb length" (p .86).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-sectional Growth Study of Forearm Length and Tibial Length in an Indigenous Andean Population of 6 to 19 Years of Age.

Dittmar¹

1997

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Patterns of growth in forearm length and tibial length were studied in 149 school-children of Aymara ancestry (73 boys and 76 girls), aged 6 to 19 years. The investigation was based on a cross-sectional survey performed in 1987 in the rural community of Putre (3,530 m), northern Chile. The results show that there is little sexual dimorphism over the age period of 6 to 13 years, while sex differences are more pronounced between the ages of 14 and 17 years, both for forearm length and tibial length, with boys having higher means. Correspondingly, the maximum values achieved for both measurements are greater in boys than in girls. The growth spurt begins about two years earlier in girls than in boys. In both sexes, tibial growth precedes forearm growth. The analysis of growth relationships between forearm length and tibial length in relation to other measurements shows higher positive correlations to stature than to sitting height. Inter-populational comparisons between the extremity growth pattern of the Aymara children and that of children of different ethnic ancestry reveal that at all ages, the Aymara have longer forearms in proportion to their tibiae than is the case with children of Asiatic, European and African ancestry. It is suggested that the relatively longer forearms in the Aymara might be related to their larger thoracic dimensions.

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Age at menarche in Peruvian girls at sea level and at high altitude: Effect of ethnic background and socioeconomic status

Gonzáles¹,

Villena²,

Ubilluz³

1996

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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The objective of the present study was to determine median age at menarche using the status quo method and the independent effects of ethnic background and socioeconomic status on the age at menarche in Peruvian girls from two distinct levels at altitude: Lima (150 m) and Cerro de Pasco (4,340 m). The sample included 503 girls from Lima and 625 girls from Cerro de Pasco, ages 10–18 years. Ethnic background was determined by four parental surnames. Subjects were classified as Quechua when one or more surnames were from Quechua origin and Spanish when four surnames were from Spanish origin. Socioeconomic status was determined using a socioeconomic index score and subjects were classified as belonging to the middle‐low, low, or very low class. Median age at menarche was calculated by survival analysis using the Life Table Method with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Among Quechua and Spanish girls, age at menarche occurred later at high altitude than at sea level. Median ages at menarche for the overall groups were 13.08 (12.91–13.25, 95% CI) years in Lima and 14.33 (14.17–14.48, 95% CI) years in Cerro de Pasco (P < 0.0001). Socioeconomic status had no significant effect on menarcheal age (P > 0.05). Controlling socioeconomic status in the design, median age at menarche was still higher at high altitude than at sea level (P < 0.05). After logistic regression analysis, an effect on age at menarche of chronological age and place of residence was observed, but not by ethnic background, socioeconomic status and not by interactions of age and place of residence, age and socioeconomic status, place of residence and socioeconomic status, place of residence and ethnic background, or socioeconomic status and ethnic background. Thus later age at menarche observed in girls at high altitude is not due the differences in ethnicity or socioeconomic status. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Secular change in growth of native children and adolescents at high altitude Huancayo, Peru (3,280 meters)

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Secular growth changes in the stature and weight of Amerindian schoolchildren and adults in the Chilean Andes, 1972–1987

Secular growth changes in the stature and weight of Amerindian schoolchildren and adults in the Chilean Andes, 1972–1987

A Cross-sectional Growth Study of Forearm Length and Tibial Length in an Indigenous Andean Population of 6 to 19 Years of Age.

Age at menarche in Peruvian girls at sea level and at high altitude: Effect of ethnic background and socioeconomic status

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