Secrecy Performance Analysis of Artificial-Noise-Aided Spatial Modulation in the Presence of Imperfect CSI

Joint transmitter-receiver spatial modulation (JSM) is a promising multiple-input multipleoutput communication technique that achieves transmit diversity, receive diversity, and multiplexing gain simultaneously. However, the conventional JSM scheme has security risks due to the broadcast nature of the wireless channels. In addition, the spectral efficiency of JSM is not satisfactory since the antenna elements are not fully utilized and a single modulated symbol is transmitted only. In this paper, we propose a secure joint transmitter-receiver spatial media-based modulation (JSMBM) to improve the security and spectral efficiency. Specifically, multiple radio frequency (RF) mirrors are placed close by the transmitting antennas and the transmit index bits can be mapped to the mirror activation patterns. As a result, the spectral efficiency scales linearly with the number of RF mirrors, instead of logarithmical scaling with the number of transmitting antennas. Moreover, the proposed JSMBM scheme enables the transmission of multiple modulated symbols such that the spectral efficiency is further enhanced. In order to protect the proposed JSMBM scheme against passive eavesdropping, we use friendly jamming and probabilistic shaping in a collaborative manner to improve the secrecy performance. The mechanism of probabilistic shaping is to adjust the probability of transmitting each symbol such that the favorable symbols are transmitted with higher probability. We propose a simplified iterative conjugate gradient algorithm to optimize the input probability mass function, which maximizes the secrecy rate. Simulation results validate the proposed algorithm and show that the proposed secure JSMBM scheme achieves higher secrecy rate than the benchmark schemes, especially when the eavesdropper has more receive antennas than the legitimate receiver. INDEX TERMS Jamming, physical-layer security, radio frequency mirror, secrecy rate, spatial mediabased modulation.

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“…whereW (34) and 35, we observe that the expectation over the noise has been removed. In addition, the approximate secrecy rate can be written as…”

Section: B Approximate Secrecy Ratementioning

confidence: 91%

Secure Joint Transmitter-Receiver Spatial Media-Based Modulation

Peng

Wang

2020

IEEE Access

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“…This will result in some stable problem or performance loss. To address this problem, a regularized penalty is added to the objective function, the optimization problem in (8) can be converted into…”

Section: B Proposed Min-rtpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several kinds of secure tools are developed for PLS such as relay cooperation, full-duplex, and secure modulations. To achieve a secure transmission in fading channel, secure spatial modulation is a proper choice by transmit antenna selection, beamforming of confidential message (CM), and artificial noise (AN) projection [6]- [8]. However, for line-of-propagation (LoP) channel, directional modulation (DM) [9] has attracted recently substantial research activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Efficient Beamformers for Secure Precise Jamming and Communication With Phase Alignment

Shu

Zhu

Cai³

et al. 2020

IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.

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To achieve a better effect of interference on eavesdropper with an enhanced security, a secure precise jamming (PJ) and communication (SPJC) is proposed and its basic idea is to force the transmit energy of artificial noise (AN) and confidential message into the neighborhoods of Eve and Bob by using random subcarrier selection (RSS), directional modulation, and beamforming under phase alignment (PA) constraint (PAC). Here, we propose two high-performance beamforming schemes: minimum transmit power (Min-TP) and minimum regularized transmit power (Min-RTP) to achieve SPJC under PAC and orthogonal constraint (OC), where OC means that AN and CM are projected onto the null-spaces of the desired and eavesdropping channels, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed Min-TP and Min-RTP methods perform much better than existing equal amplitude (EA) method in terms of both bit-error-rate (BER) and secrecy rate (SR) at medium and high signal-to-noise ratio regions. The SR performance difference between the proposed two methods becomes trivial as the number of transmit antennas approaches large-scale. More importantly, we also find the fact that all three schemes including EA, Min-TP, and Min-RTP can form two main peaks of AN and CM around Eve and Bob, respectively. This achieves both PJ and secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT), called SPJC.Index Terms-Precise jamming, secure precise jamming and communication, phase alignment, secrecy rate, bit error rate.

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“…With the support of Theorem 1 in [23] and the equation (12) in [24], a lower bound of R b is obtained by using Jensen's inequality as…”

Section: Performance Analysis Of the Secure Gsm-mbm Scheme A Secmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We find out that R b and R low b have the same difference in the high and low SNR regions. Moreover, R b and R low b increase monotonically as SNR increases, which implies that the difference between R b and R low b is approximately equal to N r (1/ln2 − 1) for the whole SNR range [23], [24]. Therefore, based on the equation (45) in [23] and the equation (13) in [24], the approximated R b can be derived in closed-form as…”

Section: Performance Analysis Of the Secure Gsm-mbm Scheme A Secmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Eavesdropping Scheme Based on Random Mapping for GSM-MBM Systems

et al. 2020

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Media-based modulation (MBM) is a recently proposed modulation scheme which has the advantages of increased spectral efficiency and improved performance. In this paper, a physical layer security (PLS) scheme is proposed for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) media-based modulation system using generalized spatial modulation (GSM) to resist the passive eavesdropping from a multiple-antenna eavesdropper. Secure mapping rules between the information bits and the transmit patterns are designed based on the abundant legitimate channel realizations of the MIMO MBM system. Due to the independent fading of the legitimate link and the eavesdropping link, the designed mapping rules are unavailable and appear random to the eavesdropper. Therefore, the correct detection of the information bits at the eavesdropper is prevented, which is validated through bit error rate (BER) analysis and simulations. The ergodic secrecy rate is analyzed and a tight closed-form approximation is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed secure GSM MBM scheme outperforms the existing secure MBM schemes without consuming jamming power or requiring eavesdropper's channel state information.

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Secrecy Performance Analysis of Artificial-Noise-Aided Spatial Modulation in the Presence of Imperfect CSI

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Secure Joint Transmitter-Receiver Spatial Media-Based Modulation

Secure Joint Transmitter-Receiver Spatial Media-Based Modulation

Two Efficient Beamformers for Secure Precise Jamming and Communication With Phase Alignment

Anti-Eavesdropping Scheme Based on Random Mapping for GSM-MBM Systems

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