2017
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608781
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Abstract: Enophthalmos, or recession of the eye posteriorly and inferiorly, is a potential sequela of orbital trauma and a source of significant cosmetic and functional concern. Late enophthalmos occurs when early reconstruction of the bony orbit fails to completely restore normal orbital shape and volume, resulting in aesthetic deformity and persistent diplopia. In this article, we provide a framework for evaluation of posttraumatic enophthalmos and outline the surgical principles of secondary repair necessary to optim… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 25 publications
(85 reference statements)
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“…It is usually considered that 2 mm of PE will have a clinically relevant impact on eye function and aesthetical outcomes. 11,12 The increase in OV is one of the primary factors that lead to PE with enophthalmos ranging 0.68 to 0.8 mm after a 1 cm 3 increase in OV. 7,[12][13][14] It appears that globe malposition (GMP) worsens with larger fractures ( 2.5 cm 2 ) and in combined orbital fractures.…”
Section: Increase In Orbital Volume and Fat Atrophymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is usually considered that 2 mm of PE will have a clinically relevant impact on eye function and aesthetical outcomes. 11,12 The increase in OV is one of the primary factors that lead to PE with enophthalmos ranging 0.68 to 0.8 mm after a 1 cm 3 increase in OV. 7,[12][13][14] It appears that globe malposition (GMP) worsens with larger fractures ( 2.5 cm 2 ) and in combined orbital fractures.…”
Section: Increase In Orbital Volume and Fat Atrophymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is characterized by a sunken eye, pseudoptosis, and an exaggerated supratarsal fold. 12 Enophthalmos is easiest to appreciate from an inferior view and only 2 mm of displacement is necessary for the difference to be noticeable. 12 Functionally, severe cases can also result in diplopia due to a malpositioned globe.…”
Section: Enophthalmos and Diplopiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12 Enophthalmos is easiest to appreciate from an inferior view and only 2 mm of displacement is necessary for the difference to be noticeable. 12 Functionally, severe cases can also result in diplopia due to a malpositioned globe. This is a surgically challenging problem to treat; 83% of patients were found to have residual diplopia after delayed repair of enophthalmos.…”
Section: Enophthalmos and Diplopiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 In the absence of absolute indications for repair (defined in this study as entrapment or acute enophthalmos), the surgeon faces a trade-off between the risks of orbital floor reconstruction (eg, infraorbital nerve dysfunction, eyelid malposition, hardware complications, and possible blindness) in a patient who may not require surgical intervention and the challenges associated with secondary correction of late enophthalmos. 7 In this regard, an ideal diagnostic test would effectively distinguish those patients at risk for delayed enophthalmos from those who can be managed expectantly.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%