Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Local Emissions Dominates the
Organic Aerosol Budget over Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ

Nault, Benjamin A.; Campuzano‐Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Schroder, Jason C.; Anderson, B. E.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Blake, D. R.; Brune, William H.; Choi, Yonghoon; Corr, Chelsea A.; Gouw, J. A. de; Dibb, Jack E.; DiGangi, J. P.; Diskin, G. S.; Fried, Alan; Huey, L. G.; Kim, Michelle; Knote, Christoph; Lamb, Kara D.; Lee, Taehyoung; Park, Taehyun; Pusede, S. E.; Scheuer, Eric; Thornhill, K. L.; Woo, Jung‐Hun; Jimenez, José L.

doi:10.5194/acp-2018-838

Cited by 28 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…ATom sampled the marine remote troposphere in both the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Basins from 65°S to 82°N from 0 to 12 km over four aircraft deployments. Submicron aerosol composition on board the NASA DC‐8 aircraft was measured by the University of Colorado Aerodyne High‐Resolution Time‐of Flight Instrument (CU‐HR‐AMS) at 1 Hz resolution (Canagaratna et al, ; DeCarlo et al, ; Nault et al, ). Refractory black carbon was measured by the NOAA SP2 instrument, also at 1 Hz resolution (Katich et al, ; Schwarz et al, ).…”

Section: Aerosol Burden and Radiative Forcings For Different Cesm2 Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Tilmes

Hodzic

Emmons

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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128

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The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) includes three main atmospheric configurations: the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) with simplified chemistry and a simplified organic aerosol (OA) scheme, CAM6 with comprehensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry representation (CAM6-chem), and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6). Both, CAM6-chem and WACCM6 include a more comprehensive secondary organic aerosols (SOA) approach using the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) scheme and prognostic stratospheric aerosols. This paper describes the different OA schemes available in the different atmospheric configurations of CESM2 and discusses differences in aerosol burden and resulting climate forcings. Derived OA burden and trends differ due to differences in OA formation using the different approaches. Regional differences in Aerosol Optical Depth with larger values using the comprehensive approach occur over SOA source regions. Stronger increasing SOA trends between 1960 and 2015 in WACCM6 compared to CAM6 are due to increasing biogenic emissions aligned with increasing surface temperatures. Using the comprehensive SOA approach further leads to improved comparisons to aircraft observations and SOA formation of ≈143 Tg/yr. We further use WACCM6 to identify source contributions of OA from biogenic, fossil fuel, and biomass burning emissions, to quantify SOA amounts and trends from these sources. Increasing SOA trends between 1960 and 2015 are the result of increasing biogenic emissions aligned with increasing surface temperatures. Biogenic emissions are at least two thirds of the total SOA burden. In addition, SOA source contributions from fossil fuel emissions become more important, with largest values over Southeast Asia. The estimated total anthropogenic forcing of OA in WACCM6 for 1995-2010 conditions is −0.43 W/m 2 , mostly from the aerosol direct effect.

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Section: Aerosol Burden and Radiative Forcings For Different Cesm2 Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Tilmes

Hodzic

Emmons

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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128

134

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“…This emphasizes a reevaluation of domestic emission controls, in particular reactive aromatics such as toluene (e.g. toluene not only contributes to the P(O3) shown herein, but also contributes to 9% of modeled secondary organic aerosol over SMA [Nault et al, 2018]). Organic aerosol formation has also been recently 20 investigated during the KORUS-AQ study period to estimate relationships between in situ observations and satellite derived products (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Taehwa Research Forest: A receptor site for severe pollution events in Korea during 2016

Sullivan¹,

McGee²,

Stauffer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> During the May-June 2016 International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS-AQ), light synoptic meteorological forcing facilitated Seoul metropolitan pollution outflow to reach the remote Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) site and cause regulatory exceedances on 24 days. Two of these severe pollution events are thoroughly examined. The first, occurring on 17 May 2016, tracks transboundary pollution transport exiting eastern China and the Yello Sea, traversing the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and then reaching TRF in the afternoon hours with severely polluted conditions. This case study indicates that although outflow from China and the Yellow Sea were elevated with respect to chemically unperturbed conditions, the regulatory exceedance at TRF was directly linked in time, space, and altitude to urban Seoul emissions. The second case studied, occurring on 09 June 2016, reveals that increased levels of biogenic emissions, in combination with amplified urban emissions, were associated with severe levels of pollutions and a regulatory exceedance at TRF. The case studies are assessed with multiple aircraft, model (photochemical and meteorological) simulations, in-situ chemical sampling, and extensive ground-based profiling at TRF. These observations clearly identify TRF and the surrounding rural communities as receptor sites for severe pollution events associated with Seoul outflow, which will result in long-term negative effects to both human health and agriculture in the affected areas.</p>

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“…The KORUS‐AQ campaign took place during May and June 2016 over South Korea and the Yellow Sea (Nault et al, 2018). This analysis uses observations from the NASA DC‐8 aircraft which flew 20 daytime research flights out of Pyeongtaek, South Korea (≈60 km south of Seoul).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Nighttime Production of Organic Nitrates During SEAC⁴RS, FRAPPÉ, and KORUS‐AQ

Kenagy

Sparks

Wooldridge

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Organic nitrates (RONO2) are an important NOx sink. In warm, rural environments dominated by biogenic emissions, nocturnal NO3‐initiated production of RONO2 is competitive with daytime OH‐initiated RONO2 production. However, in urban areas, OH‐initiated production of RONO2 has been assumed dominant and NO3‐initiated production considered negligible. We show evidence for nighttime RONO2 production similar in magnitude to daytime production during three aircraft campaigns in chemically distinct summertime environments: Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) in the rural Southeastern United States, Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) in the Colorado Front Range, and Korea‐United States Air Quality Study (KORUS‐AQ) around the megacity of Seoul. During each campaign, morning observations show RONO2 enhancements at constant, near‐background Ox (≡ O3+NO2) concentrations, indicating that the RONO2 are from a non‐photochemical source, whereas afternoon observations show a strong correlation between RONO2 and Ox resulting from photochemical production. We show that there are sufficient precursors for nighttime RONO2 formation during all three campaigns. This evidence impacts our understanding of nighttime NOx chemistry.

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Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Local Emissions Dominates the Organic Aerosol Budget over Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Taehwa Research Forest: A receptor site for severe pollution events in Korea during 2016

Evidence of Nighttime Production of Organic Nitrates During SEAC⁴RS, FRAPPÉ, and KORUS‐AQ

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Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Local Emissions Dominates the Organic Aerosol Budget over Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Taehwa Research Forest: A receptor site for severe pollution events in Korea during 2016

Evidence of Nighttime Production of Organic Nitrates During SEAC4RS, FRAPPÉ, and KORUS‐AQ

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Product

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Evidence of Nighttime Production of Organic Nitrates During SEAC⁴RS, FRAPPÉ, and KORUS‐AQ