Seawater desalination based drinking water: Microbial characterization during distribution with and without residual chlorine

Farhat, Nadia; Kim, Lan Hee; Mineta, Katsuhiko; Alarawi, Mohammed; Gojobori, Takashi; Saikaly, Pascal E.; Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117975

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…The lack of bacteria presence is due to the desalination procedure before the water entrance in dental unit plants. This activity prevents the entrance of inorganic and organic compounds, which could favor biofilm formation in water pipelines if it is integrated to water chlorination [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Water Disinfection Method Based on Osmosis and Chlorine Dioxide for the Prevention of Microbial Contamination in Dental Practices

Totaro

Badalucco

Papini

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In dental clinics, the infections may be acquired through contaminated devices, air, and water. Aerosolized water may contain bacteria, grown into the biofilm of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). We evaluated a disinfection method based on water osmosis and chlorination with chlorine dioxide (O-CD), applied to DUWL of five dental clinics. Municipal water was chlorinated with O-CD device before feeding all DUWLs. Samplings were performed on water/air samples in order to research total microbial counts at 22–37 °C, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella spp., and chlorine values. Water was collected from the taps, spittoons, and air/water syringes. Air was sampled before, during, and after 15 min of aerosolizing procedure. Legionella and P. aeruginosa resulted as absent in all water samples, which presented total microbial counts almost always at 0 CFU/mL. Mean values of total chlorine ranged from 0.18–0.23 mg/L. Air samples resulted as free from Legionella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Total microbial counts decreased from the pre-aerosolizing (mean 2.1 × 102 CFU/m3) to the post-aerosolizing samples (mean 1.5 × 10 CFU/m3), while chlorine values increased from 0 to 0.06 mg/L. O-CD resulted as effective against the biofilm formation in DUWLs. The presence of residual activity of chlorine dioxide also allowed the bacteria reduction from air, at least at one meter from the aerosolizing source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Water Disinfection Method Based on Osmosis and Chlorine Dioxide for the Prevention of Microbial Contamination in Dental Practices

Totaro

Badalucco

Papini

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Designated premised taps (Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) were used for sampling RO tap water throughout this study (Supplementary Figure S2). The RO tap water is produced by the KAUST seawater reverse osmosis plant with details on the process being described elsewhere (Farhat et al, 2020(Farhat et al, , 2022. The RO tap water is a mixture of RO permeate that is dosed with chlorine, CO 2 , and lime and then stored in a storage tank before being distributed throughout the KAUST distribution network.…”

Section: Dna Extraction With Various Filter Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus level information provided also highlights potential ecological attributes of those two genera that are often overlooked when using a higher level of taxonomical information (e.g., phylum, class; Hermans et al, 2017). We did the comparison of bacterial community from the bulk water previously at the upstream part of KAUST RO tap water before and after chlorination point (Farhat et al, 2022) and found a high abundant of Blastomonas genus in concurrence with the current study, showing that this bacterium is the actual resident within chlorinated RO tap network that is resistant to chlorine. Further studies could be done to investigate temporal (and spatial) variations (e.g., physicochemical conditions, sampling from different buildings) from chlorinated RO tap water and how these two genera correlates with those factors.…”

Section: Differences In Bacterial Diversity Following Incubation To E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The permeate and remineralized RO drinking water has very low microbial loads and nutrients (Meckes et al, 2007;Park and Hu, 2010;Kantor et al, 2019;Farhat et al, 2020), however, microbial (re)growth along the distribution network and building plumbing have been reported due to changes in operational and physicochemical factors (e.g., residual disinfectant depletion, stagnation, plumbing materials, biofilm slough-off, treatment breakthrough; Park et al, 2018;Stamps et al, 2018;Kennedy et al, 2021;Farhat et al, 2022). The conventional methods to monitor changes in microbial water quality of low-biomass RO-produced tap water usually fail to give a complete picture of the microbial dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the DNA yield intended for microbial sequencing from a low-biomass chlorinated drinking water

Putri,

Vrouwenvelder,

Farhat

2024

Front. Microbiol.

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DNA extraction yield from drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing is a key metric for any downstream analysis such as 16S amplicon or metagenomics sequencing. This research aimed to optimize DNA yield from low-biomass (chlorinated) reverse osmosis-produced tap water by evaluating the impact of different factors during the DNA extraction procedure. The factors examined are (1) the impact of membrane materials and their pore sizes; (2) the impact of different cell densities; and (3) an alternative method for enhancing DNA yield via incubation (no nutrient spiking). DNA from a one-liter sampling volume of RO tap water with varying bacterial cell densities was extracted with five different filter membranes (mixed ester cellulose 0.2 μm, polycarbonate 0.2 μm, polyethersulfone 0.2 and 0.1 μm, polyvinylidene fluoride 0.1 μm) for biomass filtration. Our results show that (i) smaller membrane pore size solely did not increase the DNA yield of low-biomass RO tap water; (ii) the DNA yield was proportional to the cell density and substantially dependent on the filter membrane properties (i.e., the membrane materials and their pore sizes); (iii) by using our optimized DNA extraction protocol, we found that polycarbonate filter membrane with 0.2 μm pore size markedly outperformed in terms of quantity (DNA yield) and quality (background level of 16S gene copy number) of recovered microbial DNA; and finally, (iv) for one-liter sampling volume, incubation strategy enhanced the DNA yield and enabled accurate identification of the core members (i.e., Porphyrobacter and Blastomonas as the most abundant indicator taxa) of the bacterial community in low-biomass RO tap water. Importantly, incorporating multiple controls is crucial to distinguish between contaminant/artefactual and true taxa in amplicon sequencing studies of low-biomass RO tap water.

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“…Because of the positive pressure, the exhaust gas leaves the chimney and combines with the surroundings, which is facilitated by the stack effect of the heating chimney at 120°C. The dampers are also a part of this plant, which are automatically regulated and keep within a safe margin of the predicted burner outflow (Farhat, N. et. Al., 2022).…”

Section: Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Desalination Plant Fault Detection using Artificial Neural Network

2022

Global NEST: The International Journal

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<p>Water famine is very cruel. The desalination plant was brought in to alleviate the water shortage. A desalination plant has been set up in many places around the world. In the view of expanding worldwide need of fresh water, the usage of desalination plant becomes more common. There are more than twenty-five thousand desalination plants around the world. Many industries require treated water for production, water treatment, and other functions. Water quality is occasionally insufficient or does not satisfy the quality criteria for manufacturing causes. So, the enterprises utilize desalination systems to purify water for their own usage. It makes the water safe to drink as well as suitable for a variety of industrial applications. The fault occurring in the desalination plant, it slows down the processing the speed and reduce the output rate. In this study, focuses on the faults like not under system control, electrical fault, pump fault, control valve fault, inaccurate signal, old data fault, derived fault and transmitter fault. The proposed artificial neural network with the single and double component fault (ANN S-DCF) is introduced to detect the faults occurring in the desalination plant. The faults are splitted into two catagories and characteristics of each fault are trained in the artificial neural network. The result of this work achieves the best accuracy comparing to the existing techniques of SVR (support vector regression), PCA (principal component analysis) and DPLS (dynamic partial least square) method. This study achieves the accuracy rate of 96%, precision rate of 93% and sensitivity rate of 95% respectively with low complexity and high operational speed.</p>

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Seawater desalination based drinking water: Microbial characterization during distribution with and without residual chlorine

Cited by 17 publications

References 78 publications

Effectiveness of a Water Disinfection Method Based on Osmosis and Chlorine Dioxide for the Prevention of Microbial Contamination in Dental Practices

Effectiveness of a Water Disinfection Method Based on Osmosis and Chlorine Dioxide for the Prevention of Microbial Contamination in Dental Practices

Enhancing the DNA yield intended for microbial sequencing from a low-biomass chlorinated drinking water

Water Desalination Plant Fault Detection using Artificial Neural Network

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