Seasonality of matings and births in captive Sichuan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Birth seasonality and interbirth interval of captive Rhinopithecus bieti

“…Although we might expect captive populations to have less seasonal births, this was not the case for R. bieti. This is in keeping with previous findings for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. The reasons for the similar seasonal birth peaks are unclear.…”

“…The majority of captive R. bieti infants at KIZ and KZ were born during the period of March-May, which is in keeping with previous reports (R. bieti [Kirkpatrick et al, 1998] and R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]). A group of R. bieti kept at the Beijing Zoo also give birth from February to April, with a mean birth date of April 7 (n 5 3; S.C.…”

“…The captive monkeys continued to give birth within almost the same range as the wild populations for 10 yr in artificial environments that differed from their native habitat. This suggests that the relatively concentrated birth period of these monkeys may coincide with the timing of environmental conditions that maximize offspring survival, as reported previously for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. IBI for females that lost their infants before 1 yr IBI for females that didn't lose their infants before 1 yr Fig.…”

Birth seasonality and interbirth interval of captive Rhinopithecus bieti

“…Although we might expect captive populations to have less seasonal births, this was not the case for R. bieti. This is in keeping with previous findings for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. The reasons for the similar seasonal birth peaks are unclear.…”

“…The majority of captive R. bieti infants at KIZ and KZ were born during the period of March-May, which is in keeping with previous reports (R. bieti [Kirkpatrick et al, 1998] and R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]). A group of R. bieti kept at the Beijing Zoo also give birth from February to April, with a mean birth date of April 7 (n 5 3; S.C.…”

“…The captive monkeys continued to give birth within almost the same range as the wild populations for 10 yr in artificial environments that differed from their native habitat. This suggests that the relatively concentrated birth period of these monkeys may coincide with the timing of environmental conditions that maximize offspring survival, as reported previously for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. IBI for females that lost their infants before 1 yr IBI for females that didn't lose their infants before 1 yr Fig.…”

Female multiple copulations among wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Qinling, China

“…The mating season was between late September and December in accordance with previous authors [3,7] .…”

Changes in Fecal Estrogen Levels and Sexual Behavior in Captive Sichuan Snub‐Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) Following a Male Replacement

“…Captive R. roxellana in Korea showed a clear mating season from September to November like their wild conspecifics [Ren et al, ; Qi et al, ], although females in Everland were provisioned year‐round and did not experience seasonal variation in food availability or quality. Our results and those of other studies of captive R. roxellana [Li and Zhao, ; Ren et al, ; Zhang et al, ], suggest that the seasonality of mating and births in R. roxellana is mediated by changes in climatic variables (e.g., light or temperature regimes), rather than diet.…”

Birth seasonality and interbirth interval of captive Rhinopithecus bieti

“…Although we might expect captive populations to have less seasonal births, this was not the case for R. bieti. This is in keeping with previous findings for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. The reasons for the similar seasonal birth peaks are unclear.…”

“…The majority of captive R. bieti infants at KIZ and KZ were born during the period of March-May, which is in keeping with previous reports (R. bieti [Kirkpatrick et al, 1998] and R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]). A group of R. bieti kept at the Beijing Zoo also give birth from February to April, with a mean birth date of April 7 (n 5 3; S.C.…”

“…The captive monkeys continued to give birth within almost the same range as the wild populations for 10 yr in artificial environments that differed from their native habitat. This suggests that the relatively concentrated birth period of these monkeys may coincide with the timing of environmental conditions that maximize offspring survival, as reported previously for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. IBI for females that lost their infants before 1 yr IBI for females that didn't lose their infants before 1 yr Fig.…”

Female multiple copulations among wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Qinling, China

“…The mating season was between late September and December in accordance with previous authors [3,7] .…”

Changes in Fecal Estrogen Levels and Sexual Behavior in Captive Sichuan Snub‐Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) Following a Male Replacement

“…Captive R. roxellana in Korea showed a clear mating season from September to November like their wild conspecifics [Ren et al, ; Qi et al, ], although females in Everland were provisioned year‐round and did not experience seasonal variation in food availability or quality. Our results and those of other studies of captive R. roxellana [Li and Zhao, ; Ren et al, ; Zhang et al, ], suggest that the seasonality of mating and births in R. roxellana is mediated by changes in climatic variables (e.g., light or temperature regimes), rather than diet.…”

Birth seasonality and interbirth interval of captive Rhinopithecus bieti

“…Although we might expect captive populations to have less seasonal births, this was not the case for R. bieti. This is in keeping with previous findings for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. The reasons for the similar seasonal birth peaks are unclear.…”

“…The majority of captive R. bieti infants at KIZ and KZ were born during the period of March-May, which is in keeping with previous reports (R. bieti [Kirkpatrick et al, 1998] and R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]). A group of R. bieti kept at the Beijing Zoo also give birth from February to April, with a mean birth date of April 7 (n 5 3; S.C.…”

“…The captive monkeys continued to give birth within almost the same range as the wild populations for 10 yr in artificial environments that differed from their native habitat. This suggests that the relatively concentrated birth period of these monkeys may coincide with the timing of environmental conditions that maximize offspring survival, as reported previously for captive R. roxellana [Zhang et al, 2000]. IBI for females that lost their infants before 1 yr IBI for females that didn't lose their infants before 1 yr Fig.…”

Female multiple copulations among wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Qinling, China

“…The mating season was between late September and December in accordance with previous authors [3,7] .…”

Changes in Fecal Estrogen Levels and Sexual Behavior in Captive Sichuan Snub‐Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) Following a Male Replacement

“…Captive R. roxellana in Korea showed a clear mating season from September to November like their wild conspecifics [Ren et al, ; Qi et al, ], although females in Everland were provisioned year‐round and did not experience seasonal variation in food availability or quality. Our results and those of other studies of captive R. roxellana [Li and Zhao, ; Ren et al, ; Zhang et al, ], suggest that the seasonality of mating and births in R. roxellana is mediated by changes in climatic variables (e.g., light or temperature regimes), rather than diet.…”