Seasonality of matings and births in captive Sichuan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Zhang, Shuyi; Liu, Bing; Wang, Lixin

doi:10.1002/1098-2345(200008)51:4<265::aid-ajp6>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All sexual behavior information on this primate, such as seasonality of mating and births, reproductive behavior, and menstrual cycle and pregnancy (Qi 1989;Clarke 1991;Ren et al 1995Ren et al , 2002Ren et al , 2003Yang 1998a, b;Zhang et al 2000;Yan et al 2003a, b) is based to date on captive observation. Since 2001, by provisioning, we have started to observe sexual behavior in detail in wild conditions, and have so far reported extra-unit sexual behavior and female multiple copulations Li and Zhao 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Copulation behavior within one-male groups of wild Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China

Zhao

2007

Primates

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This study was conducted using focal animal sampling on the west ridge group of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) located in the Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve on the north slope of the Qinling Mountains, from 8 July 2003 to 24 May 2004. The difference in the average frequency of copulations for each focal male for each month was significant (F=3.068, P=0.016, one-way ANOVA test) with the majority of copulations occurring between September and November. Duration of intromission ranged from 2 to 39 s, with a mean of 16.0+/-0.4 s. Females initiated 627 courtship attempts (96.2%), while males only initiated 3.8%. Both adult females (72.8%) and sub-adult females (27.2%) were involved in sexual interference acts. Females who gave birth in 2004 performed more sexual interference acts than would be expected by chance in the reproductive period of 2003 (X2=13.73>X2(0.005,2), df=2, P<0.005). Male response to female interference was equally divided into "solicitor mounting" and "interrupter mounting". The resident males of one-male units were not observed to mount both the solicitor and the interrupter or mount neither following female solicitation interruptions. Three post-conception copulations were also observed in this study. These results suggest a skewed sexual competition, with multiple females competing for a single male, which was shown by courtship attempts and female interference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Each target was observed for 58.5-68 h in 2003 and for 12.5-62.5 h in 2004 (Table 1), with the total number of observation hours 374.5 h in 2003 and 281.5 h in 2004. The reproductive period, from September to December, was defined according to Zhang et al (2000).…”

Section: Date Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copulation behavior within one-male groups of wild Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China

Zhao

2007

Primates

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“…In the nonpregnant females, the immunoreactive cortisol concentration was highest in summer because of heat stress. The Sichuan golden monkey is a seasonal breeder and matings peak between September and December (Zhang et al, 2000). Estrus is a physiological phenomenon caused by follicular development of the ovaries, and it is subject to the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axial system.…”

Section: Association Between Cortisol Concentration and Stress In Sicmentioning

confidence: 84%

Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Huang¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

Turk J Zool

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The Sichuan golden monkey is deserving of conservation and the welfare of this species is receiving increasing attention. However, it is difficult to identify physiological parameters for assessing its conservation status. In the present study, we employed noninvasive sampling methods and immunochemical assays to determine if measurements of cortisol and immunoglobulin in feces allowed monitoring of physiological status. The results indicated that the cortisol and immunoglobulin concentrations in feces could serve as biomarkers for monitoring stress and immune status, and that there was a relationship between stress and the immune response. A tendency toward seasonal fluctuation in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin concentrations emerged, indicating that these indices could be useful tools for monitoring the welfare of the monkey and could be used in the field of wildlife research.

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“…As with other species of Rhinopithecus (Zhang et al 2000;Ren et al 2003;Li and Zhao 2007;Qi et al 2008;Yang et al 2009), breeding behavior (copulations) occurred year-round, but peaked between July and October, or 6-7 months prior to the birth season (Xiang and Sayers 2009). In the present study, copulation frequency was closely related to each tested environmental factor at least once within the previous year, indicating several factors may be involved in regulating reproductive function, as well as highlighting the complex inter-connection and inter-dependence between environmental variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lasha exhibited strict birth seasonality, with births occurring from mid-February to early April, and females giving birth every second year. These results were not surprising; earlier studies on R. bieti (Xiang and Sayers 2009), R. roxellana (Zhang et al 2000;Ren et al 2003;Qi et al 2008), and R. brelichi (Yang et al 2009) have shown similar seasonality and annual birth rates within the genus. For primates, especially at the higher latitudes where temperatures and food resources undergo pronounced seasonal fluctuations, most species exhibit seasonality in breeding (Brockman and van Schaik 2005;Janson and Verdolin 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China

et al. 2012

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Seasonality of matings and births in captive Sichuan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Copulation behavior within one-male groups of wild Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China

Copulation behavior within one-male groups of wild Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China

Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China

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