Seasonal variations, risk assessment and multivariate analysis of trace metals in the freshwater reservoirs of Pakistan

Saleem, M.; Iqbal, Javed; Shah, Munir H.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.173

Cited by 113 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It might be due to low water levels during the pre-monsoon to raise the overall concentrations of the metals. Similar trends were observed by Saleem et al [36] that higher rainfall during the monsoon season mixes a considerable volume of non-contaminated water with the contaminated water to reduce total metal concentrations in Lakes in Pakistan. On the contrary, higher metal concentrations observed during the monsoon season at few locations might be due to the mixing of more polluted water with less contaminated water during the rainy season.…”

Section: Heavy Metals Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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In developing countries like Pakistan, there is a lack of implementation of the environmental laws to manage discharges of untreated effluents, loaded with heavy metals, into freshwater. To evaluate the potential human health impacts from exposure to such polluted water, this study assessed the concentration of six heavy metals (i.e., Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Mn) in the surface water in lower Sindh, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from eight locations around Kotri barrage at Indus River both during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons to determine the temporal variations of the concentration of heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals were then compared with the drinking water quality guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that in most cases, the concentrations of metals were significantly higher compared to WHO guidelines during the pre-monsoon period. To determine the potential human health risk associated with the exposure of heavy metals, both oral hazard index (HI oral) and dermal hazard index (HI dermal) were estimated. The results indicated that during pre-monsoon, HI oral was higher than the threshold limits at every location, while HI dermal was higher only at three locations. Nonetheless, during monsoon, these indices were within limits. It suggested that the health of the people dependent on these freshwater streams in the study area is at considerable risk. Finally, the findings of this study recommended the enforcement of the laws in its true spirit to regulate effluent discharges into these streams in order to avoid health vulnerability of millions of people.

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Section: Heavy Metals Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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“…In the laboratory, water samples (300 ml) were first divided into two subsamples (200 ml and 100 ml). Subsamples (100 ml) for trace elements detection using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) were filtered through Maxipore syringe filters (pore size: 0.45 μm) to remove solid microparticles and were acidified with 1% analytical grade HNO 3 (70 % purity, DaeJung) to adjust pH<2 [17,18], to preserve trace elements in solution and avoid adsorption and precipitation. Remaining water samples (200 ml) for Cr(VI) detection were added with the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 , 95-98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) to maintain pH 2±0.5.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…degree of contamination (C deg ) and the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) were used to determine the quality of the water used for drinking and to meet the domestic and the agricultural needs. The C deg sums up the collective effects of elements studied that may degrade the water quality [3,18,20]; and was calculated by using Eq. 1.…”

Section: Pollution Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…...where, M i and MAC i (10, 3, 50, 50, 1000, 200, 6, 50, 20, 1.5, and 10 in µg/l for As, Cd, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn respectively [18] represents the monitored and the maximum admissible concentrations respectively for the i th element. Based on C deg , a water body polluted with heavy metals is classified into various categories as: (low pollution when C deg is less than 1, moderate pollution when C deg is between 1 and 3 and highly polluted when C deg is higher than 3).…”

Section: (1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variability of Heavy Metals in Manchar Lake of Arid Southern Pakistan and Its Consequential Human Health Risk

Imran¹,

Mahar²,

Ullah³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Water pollution related to trace elements has emerged as a worldwide concern owing to their increasing concentration and damages to the aquatic ecosystems. The water ecosystem of Manchar Lake situated in the arid region of Pakistan has also been degraded and posing a severe health risk to the dependent communities. This study aims to investigate the seasonal variability in the influx of trace elements (As, Cd, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) into the lake during premonsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons and its consequential health risks. The highest mean concentrations (µg/l) of As (43.2), Cr(III) (101.4), Zn (41), Cu (43.12), Fe (318), Cd (18.5), Mn (27.2), Ni (99.7), Pb (65.91) and Hg (6.8) have been observed in pre-monsoon and Cr(VI) (0.2) in monsoon seasons. The elements exceeding safe limits in pre-monsoon season are As, Cd, Cr(III), Hg, Ni, and Pb, while in monsoon season As, Cd, Ni, and Pb exceed the limit. Evaluation of the degree of contamination depicted high levels of pollution in pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons and the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index indicated a high level of pollution in pre-monsoon, medium in monsoon, and low in the postmonsoon season. The study revealed that oral consumption of lake water potentially causes carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks. However, potential dermal related health risks associated with these metals concentrations in water are within the tolerable ranges. The findings of this study suggest prompt actions to control these pollutants influx into the lake.

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“…In Egypt, Saeed and Shaker [24] reported that the concentrations of heavy metals, including Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn and Pb, in the Delta Lake are above the international permissible limit. Alarming levels of heavy metals, including Pb, Cd and Zn, have been reported in water bodies globally [25,26]. Previous research suggests that the regular distribution and concentration of heavy metals change over time and in different regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and assessment of metals distribution in the overlying water of the representative lake and rivers in Zhenjiang, China

et al. 2020

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Seasonal variations, risk assessment and multivariate analysis of trace metals in the freshwater reservoirs of Pakistan

Cited by 113 publications

References 53 publications

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

Seasonal Variability of Heavy Metals in Manchar Lake of Arid Southern Pakistan and Its Consequential Human Health Risk

Survey and assessment of metals distribution in the overlying water of the representative lake and rivers in Zhenjiang, China

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