Seasonal variation in foot papillae of wood pigeon, pheasant and house sparrow

Modeling Dragons: Using linked mechanistic physiological and microclimate models to explore environmental, physiological, and morphological constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs

“…Our [125]). This supports the idea that insulatory epidermal structures were a plausible thermoregulatory solution for Coelophysis [126][127][128] despite the absence of skin impressions in basal theropods. It should be noted that there are no prosauropod body (or trace) fossils that demonstrate insulatory epidermal structures.…”

Modeling Dragons: Using linked mechanistic physiological and microclimate models to explore environmental, physiological, and morphological constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs

“…Our [125]). This supports the idea that insulatory epidermal structures were a plausible thermoregulatory solution for Coelophysis [126][127][128] despite the absence of skin impressions in basal theropods. It should be noted that there are no prosauropod body (or trace) fossils that demonstrate insulatory epidermal structures.…”

Pads and Papillae on the Feet of Nine Passerine Species

“…There is an individual variation in the occurrence of folds (Lennerstedt 1973). Between pads III:1 and 111:2 in Phylloscopus trochilus, Table I.…”

“…Similar individual variation occurs at the distal part of pads I:2, II:2, and IV:2; this variation was treated in the same way as for pad III:2. Another type of variation occurs at the joints in the middle of the digits (Lennerstedt 1973).…”

“…The development of pads and papillae has been studied in the chick embryo (Lennerstedt 1973). The first morphological sign of a pad is a protuberance of skin which proximally and distally is delimited by deepenings, the embryonic furrows.…”

Wintering biology of Mourning Doves, Zenaida macroura, in Ontario

“…The initial estimate (33% overwintering) is comparable to the estimate of 32% resulting from banding studies in Ohio (Ruble and Urban 1977). Mourning Doves apparently lack adaptations to the cold possessed by Wood Pigeons (Columba palumbus), which have foot papillae that are thicker and more pointed in winter than in summer to reduce heat transfer and substrate contact (Lennerstedt 1975). The tarso-metatarsal temperature of Mourning Doves falls rapidly with cold exposure, and the toes are still exposed when perching (Bartholomew and Dawson 1954).…”

Modeling Dragons: Using linked mechanistic physiological and microclimate models to explore environmental, physiological, and morphological constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs

“…Our [125]). This supports the idea that insulatory epidermal structures were a plausible thermoregulatory solution for Coelophysis [126][127][128] despite the absence of skin impressions in basal theropods. It should be noted that there are no prosauropod body (or trace) fossils that demonstrate insulatory epidermal structures.…”

Pads and Papillae on the Feet of Nine Passerine Species

“…There is an individual variation in the occurrence of folds (Lennerstedt 1973). Between pads III:1 and 111:2 in Phylloscopus trochilus, Table I.…”

“…Similar individual variation occurs at the distal part of pads I:2, II:2, and IV:2; this variation was treated in the same way as for pad III:2. Another type of variation occurs at the joints in the middle of the digits (Lennerstedt 1973).…”

“…The development of pads and papillae has been studied in the chick embryo (Lennerstedt 1973). The first morphological sign of a pad is a protuberance of skin which proximally and distally is delimited by deepenings, the embryonic furrows.…”

Wintering biology of Mourning Doves, Zenaida macroura, in Ontario

“…The initial estimate (33% overwintering) is comparable to the estimate of 32% resulting from banding studies in Ohio (Ruble and Urban 1977). Mourning Doves apparently lack adaptations to the cold possessed by Wood Pigeons (Columba palumbus), which have foot papillae that are thicker and more pointed in winter than in summer to reduce heat transfer and substrate contact (Lennerstedt 1975). The tarso-metatarsal temperature of Mourning Doves falls rapidly with cold exposure, and the toes are still exposed when perching (Bartholomew and Dawson 1954).…”

Modeling Dragons: Using linked mechanistic physiological and microclimate models to explore environmental, physiological, and morphological constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs

“…Our [125]). This supports the idea that insulatory epidermal structures were a plausible thermoregulatory solution for Coelophysis [126][127][128] despite the absence of skin impressions in basal theropods. It should be noted that there are no prosauropod body (or trace) fossils that demonstrate insulatory epidermal structures.…”

Pads and Papillae on the Feet of Nine Passerine Species

“…There is an individual variation in the occurrence of folds (Lennerstedt 1973). Between pads III:1 and 111:2 in Phylloscopus trochilus, Table I.…”

“…Similar individual variation occurs at the distal part of pads I:2, II:2, and IV:2; this variation was treated in the same way as for pad III:2. Another type of variation occurs at the joints in the middle of the digits (Lennerstedt 1973).…”

“…The development of pads and papillae has been studied in the chick embryo (Lennerstedt 1973). The first morphological sign of a pad is a protuberance of skin which proximally and distally is delimited by deepenings, the embryonic furrows.…”

Wintering biology of Mourning Doves, Zenaida macroura, in Ontario

“…The initial estimate (33% overwintering) is comparable to the estimate of 32% resulting from banding studies in Ohio (Ruble and Urban 1977). Mourning Doves apparently lack adaptations to the cold possessed by Wood Pigeons (Columba palumbus), which have foot papillae that are thicker and more pointed in winter than in summer to reduce heat transfer and substrate contact (Lennerstedt 1975). The tarso-metatarsal temperature of Mourning Doves falls rapidly with cold exposure, and the toes are still exposed when perching (Bartholomew and Dawson 1954).…”