Seasonal changes in cold hardiness, sucrose and sorbitol in apple trees treated with plant growth regulators

Coleman, Warren K.; Estabrooks, E. N.; O'Hara, M.; Embleton, Jean; King, Russell R.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1992.11516268

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Starch is converted into soluble sugars by amylase at both low ( Sauter and van Cleve, 1991 ; Witt and Sauter, 1994 ) and warm temperatures ( Sakai, 1966 ). This explains why NSC contents are often related to frost resistance ( Coleman et al, 1992 ; Palonen and Buszard, 1997 ; Wong et al, 2003 , 2009 ; Turhan and Ergin, 2012 ; Ito et al, 2013 ). Also, starch hydrolysis and starch-derived sugar respiration are enhanced by warmer temperatures (e.g., temperatures above 15°C).…”

Section: Environmental Factors and Management Practices Influencing Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and management practices on microclimate, winter physiology, and frost resistance in trees

Charrier

Ngao²,

Saudreau³

et al. 2015

Front. Plant Sci.

151

108

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Freezing stress is one of the most important limiting factors determining the ecological distribution and production of tree species. Assessment of frost risk is, therefore, critical for forestry, fruit production, and horticulture. Frost risk is substantial when hazard (i.e., exposure to damaging freezing temperatures) intersects with vulnerability (i.e., frost sensitivity). Based on a large number of studies on frost resistance and frost occurrence, we highlight the complex interactive roles of environmental conditions, carbohydrates, and water status in frost risk development. To supersede the classical empirical relations used to model frost hardiness, we propose an integrated ecophysiologically-based framework of frost risk assessment. This framework details the individual or interactive roles of these factors, and how they are distributed in time and space at the individual-tree level (within-crown and across organs). Based on this general framework, we are able to highlight factors by which different environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, light, flood, and drought), and management practices (pruning, thinning, girdling, sheltering, water aspersion, irrigation, and fertilization) influence frost sensitivity and frost exposure of trees.

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Section: Environmental Factors and Management Practices Influencing Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and management practices on microclimate, winter physiology, and frost resistance in trees

Charrier

Ngao²,

Saudreau³

et al. 2015

Front. Plant Sci.

151

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…O potencial de enraizamento e crescimento são muito afetados pela estação do ano, pelas práticas culturais e de manejo aplicadas durante o desenvolvimento das mudas no viveiro e por diversos fatores endógenos. Entretanto, não está exatamente claro o modo como estes fatores afetam o potencial de enraizamento e crescimento (Krueger & Trappe, 1967;Cannel et al, 1990;Coleman et al, 1992).…”

Section: Análise Multivariada Por Componentes Principais (Pca)unclassified

Relação entre sazonalidade, desrama e carboidratos no crescimento do eucalipto na propagação vegetativa por miniestaquia

Torres¹

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“…They conclude that the elevated root mortality was caused indirectly by mechanical damage to roots in frozen soil. In the light of the cold sensitivity data of , Bigras et al (2001) and Coleman et al (1992), it may well be that hardened spruce roots in the Fichtelgebirge forest were not damaged by the soil frost directly but by the forming of ice in the soil, which will be a rare event in deeper soil layers as long as snow cover exists.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of climate change on fine root dynamics in a Norway spruce forest

Dirk¹

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Because of methodological restrictions, exact quantifications of the carbon sink strength of fine root systems are not available for mature forests. However, for assessing the effects of climate change on root-derived carbon fluxes to the soil, this knowledge is urgently needed. In my thesis, I applied sequential soil coring and minirhizotron observations to investigate the impacts of experimental summer drought and winter frost on fine root dynamics of Norway spruce by replicated throughfall exclusion and snow removal experiments in Southeast Germany. In addition, I estimated fine root longevity distribution with root diameter, root C/N ratio and soil depth under natural conditions using sequential soil coring, minirhizotrons and radiocarbon analyses as three independent methods. I tested the hypotheses that (i) soil drought and soil frost increase fine root mortality leading to a higher input of root-born organic matter into the soil and that (ii) drought-and frost-induced fine root mortality is compensated by higher rates of fine root production. Excluding throughfall for a period of six weeks reduced average soil moisture from 20 to 12 vol. % in the upper mineral soil, while snow removal induced soil frost with temperatures down to -5.5 °C in the organic layer. Sequential coring showed that soil drought and frost increased fine root mortality in the organic layer of the studied spruce stand by 61 and 29 %, respectively. However, enhanced fine root production compensated for the root losses caused by water shortage and low temperatures. Minirhizotron observations revealed that drought stress was mainly restricted to the organic layer, while frost stress was similar in the organic layer and the upper 25 cm of the mineral soil. We calculated that experimental soil drought and frost led to additional carbon inputs to the soil of about 28 and 47 g m -2 . Under natural conditions, the carbon age of fine roots increased with depth from 5 years in the organic layer to 13 years in 40-60 cm mineral soil. Similarly, the C/N ratios of fine root samples were lowest in the organic layer and increased with depth. Roots > 0.5 mm in diameter tended to live longer than roots < 0.5 mm in diameter. Furthermore, the results on mean root longevity were strongly influenced by the method of investigation. Radiocarbon analyses yielded with 5.4 years much higher estimates than sequential coring (0.9 years) and minirhizotron observations (0.7 years). I conclude that even periods of relatively mild drought and frost have considerable potential to increase fine root mortality and the associated input of root-derived carbon to the soil organic matter pool in temperate Norway spruce forests. In addition, I propose that sequential coring and minirhizotron observations are likely to underestimate fine root longevity, while radiocarbon analyses may lead to overestimations. ZusammenfassungFeinwurzeln gelten als eine der bedeutendsten Senken im Kohlenstoffhaushalt von Bäumen. Eine genaue Quantifizierung der Bedeutung von Feinwurzelsystemen für ...

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Seasonal changes in cold hardiness, sucrose and sorbitol in apple trees treated with plant growth regulators

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of environmental factors and management practices on microclimate, winter physiology, and frost resistance in trees

Effects of environmental factors and management practices on microclimate, winter physiology, and frost resistance in trees

Relação entre sazonalidade, desrama e carboidratos no crescimento do eucalipto na propagação vegetativa por miniestaquia

The effects of climate change on fine root dynamics in a Norway spruce forest

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