Search for a habitable terrestrial planet transiting the nearby red dwarf GJ 1214

Gillon, M.; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Madhusudhan, Nikku; Deming, Drake; Seager, Sara; Zsom, Andras; Knutson, Heather A.; Lanotte, Audrey; Bonfils, X.; Désert, Jean-Michel; Delrez, Laetitia; Jehin, Emmanuël; Fraine, Jonathan; Magain, Pierre; Triaud, A. H. M. J.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322362

Cited by 61 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(102 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, Murgas et al (2012) found a radius of GJ 1214 b at the Hα line higher than the radii measured at nearby continua, but the difference is not statistically significant. The latest observations reported by Teske et al (2013), Colón & Gaidos (2013), Wilson et al (2014), Gillon et al (2014), de Mooij et al (2013, and Kreidberg et al (2014) have agreed in showing a featureless spectrum, favoring high mean molecular mass compositions. In that context, recently Kreidberg et al (2014) ruled out the cloud-free high molecular weight atmosphere scenario for GJ 1214b with a high statistical significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Bottom: same data set after removing the new ephemeris, including its 1-σ errors (dashed lines). Teske et al (2013), Gillon et al (2014), Colón & Gaidos (2013), Fraine et al (2013), and our measurements are shown in Fig. 12.…”

Section: Transit-timing Observationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Figure 10 shows all current observational data that have a wavelength-dependent radius ratio, where the models correspond to updated best-fit atmosphere models proposed in Miller-Ricci Kempton et al (2012). Photometric data were obtained from de Mooij et al (2012Mooij et al ( , 2013, Carter et al (2011), Murgas et al (2012, Croll et al (2011), Narita et al (2013a, Teske et al (2013), Colón & Gaidos (2013), Wilson et al (2014), Gillon et al (2014). Transmission spectroscopy measurements were obtained Fig.…”

Section: Photometric Gj 1214 B Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ground-based transit observations of the super-Earth GJ 1214 b

Cáceres

Kabáth²,

Hoyer

et al. 2014

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context. GJ 1214 b is one of the few known transiting super-Earth-sized exoplanets with a measured mass and radius. It orbits an M-dwarf, only 14.55 pc away, making it a favorable candidate for follow-up studies. However, the composition of GJ 1214 b's mysterious atmosphere has yet to be fully unveiled. Aims. Our goal is to distinguish between the various proposed atmospheric models to explain the properties of GJ 1214 b: hydrogenrich or hydrogen-He mix, or a heavy molecular weight atmosphere with reflecting high clouds, as latest studies have suggested. Methods. Wavelength-dependent planetary radii measurements from the transit depths in the optical/NIR are the best tool to investigate the atmosphere of GJ 1214 b. We present here (i) photometric transit observations with a narrow-band filter centered on 2.14 μm and a broad-band I-Bessel filter centered on 0.8665 μm, and (ii) transmission spectroscopy in the H and K atmospheric windows that cover three transits. The photometric and spectrophotometric time series obtained were analyzed with MCMC simulations to measure the planetary radii as a function of wavelength. We determined radii ratios of 0.1173 +0.0022 −0.0024 for I-Bessel and 0.11735 +0.00072 −0.00076 at 2.14 μm. Results. Our measurements indicate a flat transmission spectrum, in agreement with the last atmospheric models that favor featureless spectra with clouds and high molecular weight compositions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Transit-timing Observationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Photometric Gj 1214 B Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ground-based transit observations of the super-Earth GJ 1214 b

Cáceres

Kabáth²,

Hoyer

et al. 2014

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following Gillon et al (2014), the instrumental models included three types of low-order polynomials. The first had as variables the x-and y-positions of the centre of the PSF to represent the pixel phase effect of the IRAC InSb arrays (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search

Motalebi

Udry

Gillon

et al. 2015

A&A

Self Cite

129

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We know now from radial velocity surveys and transit space missions that planets only a few times more massive than our Earth are frequent around solar-type stars. Fundamental questions about their formation history, physical properties, internal structure, and atmosphere composition are, however, still to be solved. We present here the detection of a system of four low-mass planets around the bright (V = 5.5) and close-by (6.5 pc) star HD 219134. This is the first result of the Rocky Planet Search programme with HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in La Palma. The inner planet orbits the star in 3.0935 ± 0.0003 days, on a quasicircular orbit with a semi-major axis of 0.0382 ± 0.0003 AU. Spitzer observations allowed us to detect the transit of the planet in front of the star making HD 219134 b the nearest known transiting planet to date. From the amplitude of the radial velocity variation (2.25 ± 0.22 ms −1 ) and observed depth of the transit (359 ± 38 ppm), the planet mass and radius are estimated to be 4.36 ± 0.44 M ⊕ and 1.606 ± 0.086 R ⊕ , leading to a mean density of 5.76 ± 1.09 g cm −3 , suggesting a rocky composition. One additional planet with minimum-mass of 2.78 ± 0.65 M ⊕ moves on a close-in, quasi-circular orbit with a period of 6.767 ± 0.004 days. The third planet in the system has a period of 46.66 ± 0.08 days and a minimum-mass of 8.94 ± 1.13 M ⊕ , at 0.233 ± 0.002 AU from the star. Its eccentricity is 0.46 ± 0.11. The period of this planet is close to the rotational period of the star estimated from variations of activity indicators (42.3 ± 0.1 days). The planetary origin of the signal is, however, the preferred solution as no indication of variation at the corresponding frequency is observed for activity-sensitive parameters. Finally, a fourth additional longer-period planet of mass of 71 M ⊕ orbits the star in 1842 days, on an eccentric orbit (e = 0.34 ± 0.17) at a distance of 2.56 AU.Key words. techniques: radial velocities -techniques: photometric -stars: individual: HD 219134 -binaries: eclipsinginstrumentation: spectrographsThe photometric time series and radial velocities used in this work are available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via

show abstract

“…Since its discovery, many groups have published measurements of GJ1214bʼs transmission spectrum in the optical and nearinfrared (Bean et al 2010Croll et al 2011;Crossfield et al 2011;Désert et al 2011;Berta et al 2012;de Mooij et al 2012de Mooij et al , 2013Murgas et al 2012;Colón & Gaidos 2013;Fraine et al 2013;Narita et al 2013;Teske et al 2013;Cáceres et al 2014;Gillon et al 2014;Kreidberg et al 2014;Wilson et al 2014;Nascimbeni et al 2015). A total of 58 measurements have been published for bandpasses with central wavelengths shorter than 9260Å, the longest wavelength in our Magellan/ IMACS spectrum.…”

Section: Previous Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACCESS I. AN OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM OF GJ 1214b REVEALS A HETEROGENEOUS STELLAR PHOTOSPHERE

Rackham

Espinoza

Apai

et al. 2017

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

GJ1214b is the most studied sub-Neptune exoplanet to date. Recent measurements have shown its near-infrared transmission spectrum to be flat, pointing to a high-altitude opacity source in the exoplanetʼs atmosphere, either equilibrium condensate clouds or photochemical hazes. Many photometric observations have been reported in the optical by different groups, though simultaneous measurements spanning the entire optical regime are lacking. We present an optical transmission spectrum (4500-9260Å) of GJ1214b in 14 bins, measured with Magellan/IMACS repeatedly over three transits. We measure a mean planet-to-star radius ratio of ( ) in the spectral bins. The optical transit depths are shallower on average than observed in the near-infrared. We present a model for jointly incorporating the effects of a composite photosphere and atmospheric transmission through the exoplanetʼs limb (the CPAT model), and use it to examine the cases of absorber and temperature heterogeneities in the stellar photosphere. We find the optical and near-infrared measurements are best explained by the combination of (1) photochemical haze in the exoplanetary atmosphere with a mode particle size r=0.1μm and haze-forming efficiency = f 10% haze and (2) faculae in the unocculted stellar disk with a temperature contrast D = -+ T 354 46 46 K, assuming 3.2% surface coverage. The CPAT model can be used to assess potential contributions of heterogeneous stellar photospheres to observations of exoplanet transmission spectra, which will be important for searches for spectral features in the optical.

show abstract

Search for a habitable terrestrial planet transiting the nearby red dwarf GJ 1214

Cited by 61 publications

References 57 publications

Ground-based transit observations of the super-Earth GJ 1214 b

Ground-based transit observations of the super-Earth GJ 1214 b

The HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search

ACCESS I. AN OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM OF GJ 1214b REVEALS A HETEROGENEOUS STELLAR PHOTOSPHERE

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About