Seaport as a source of hantavirus: A study on isolated isles

Wu, Yin-Wen; Hsu, Err-Lieh; Lin, Ting-Hsiang; Huang, Jyh-Hsiung; Chang, She-Fen; Pai, Hsiu-Hua

doi:10.1080/09603120601124280

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…R. norvegicus had not been found until 1970s in Xinjiang, and hantavirus antigens or hantavirus antibodies were only detected in the rats collected around railway stations in Xinjiang in 1980s [Zhang et al, 1992;A et al, 2001], in which HFRS has not been reported so far. Wu et al [2007] reported that seaport might be a source of hantavirus spread. Recently, it was found that the HFRS emerged in Bayannaoer district of Inner Mongolia might be caused by SEOV imported from the neighboring HFRS endemic areas [Zhang et al, 2009b].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China

Zhāng

Lin

Shi³

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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To gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China, the morbidity and mortality of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were analyzed in two coastal areas: Cixi (hilly terrain) and Wenzhou (mountainous terrain). More HFRS cases have been reported in Cixi than in Wenzhou. Annual incidence rate of HFRS in Cixi had been on the level of approximately 1.5/100,000 from 1968 (when the first HFRS case was reported) to 2007, with the highest incidence rate of 8.54/100,000 in 1999. The annual incidence rate in Wenzhou has been relatively low, less than 0.5/100,000 since the first HFRS case was reported in 1981. A total of 461 rodents and 199 shrews were captured in these two areas. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 16 of 241 (6.64%) Rattus norvegicus and 13 of 122 (10.66%) R. flavipectus. Interestingly, hantavirus antigens were identified in 6 of 196 (3.06%) Suncus murinus. Genetic analysis showed that partial M and S segment sequences recovered from rats in the two regions belong to Seoul virus (SEOV) and can be assigned into two genetic lineages. SEOV variants that belong to these two lineages of viruses are distributed widely in China and have been found outside China. As most trapped rodents were rats and SEOV was the only hantavirus detected, these results suggested that SEOV plays an important role in human hantavirus infections. They also reinforce the need for vigilance in preventing HFRS caused by hantaviruses in the coastal region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China

Zhāng

Lin

Shi³

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Contrary to its positive role in reducing the spread of HTNV-related disease, socioeconomic development can increase the risk for SEOV-related infection. For instance, urbanization and development of transportation systems can increase the frequency of migration for Norway rats, increasing the chances of contact with humans [15], [44]. Our previous research on the phylogenetic analysis of hantaviruses revealed three undefined lineages for SEOV and an SEOV spillover event in Hubei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemic Characteristics and Changing Trend of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Hubei Province, China

Yihui

Liu

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by different hantaviruses within the Bunyaviridae family. HFRS is a fulminant, infectious disease that occurs worldwide and is endemic in all 31 provinces of China. Since the first HFRS case in Hubei Province was reported in 1957, the disease has spread across the province and Hubei has become one of the seriously affected areas in China with the greatest number of reported HFRS cases in the 1980's. However, the epidemic characteristics of HFRS in Hubei are still not entirely clear and long-term, systematic investigations of this epidemic area have been very limited.MethodsThe spatiotemporal distribution of HFRS was investigated using data spanning the years 1980 to 2009. The annual HFRS incidence, fatality rate and seasonal incidence between 1980 and 2009 were calculated and plotted. GIS-based spatial analyses were conducted to detect the spatial distribution and seasonal pattern of HFRS. A spatial statistical analysis, using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic, was performed to identify clustering of HFRS.ResultsA total of 104,467 HFRS cases were reported in Hubei Province between 1980 and 2009. Incidence of and mortality due to HFRS declined after the outbreak in 1980s and HFRS cases have been sporadic in recent years. The locations and scale of disease clusters have changed during the three decades. The seasonal epidemic pattern of HFRS was characterized by the shift from the unimodal type (autumn/winter peak) to the bimodal type.ConclusionsSocioeconomic development has great influence on the transmission of hantaviruses to humans and new epidemic characteristics have emerged in Hubei Province. It is necessary to reinforce preventative measures against HFRS according to the newly-presented seasonal variation and to intensify these efforts especially in the urban areas of Hubei Province.

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“… 32 Seaports are known to be a major source of rodent-borne illness. 33 The rainy season is coincident with rice field work in northern Vietnam, and rainfall is reported to be strongly associated with larval mite population in the lifecycle. 34 We think that this host–vector situation might explain the highest incidence of scrub typhus in this season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus among Hospitalized Patients with Acute Undifferentiated Fever in Northern Vietnam

Hamaguchi¹,

Cuong²,

Tra³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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A descriptive study on rickettsiosis was conducted at the largest referral hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, to identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of specific rickettsiosis. Between March 2001 and February 2003, we enrolled 579 patients with acute undifferentiated fever (AUF), excluding patients with malaria, dengue fever, and typhoid fever, and serologically tested for Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi. Of the patients, 237 (40.9%) and 193 (33.3%) had scrub and murine typhus, respectively, and 149 (25.7%) had neither of them (non–scrub and murine typhus [non-ST/MT]). The proportion of murine typhus was highest among patients living in Hanoi whereas that of scrub typhus was highest in national or regional border areas. The presence of an eschar, dyspnea, hypotension, and lymphadenopathy was significantly associated with a diagnosis of scrub typhus (OR = 46.56, 10.90, 9.01, and 7.92, respectively). Patients with murine typhus were less likely to have these findings but more likely to have myalgia, rash, and relative bradycardia (OR = 1.60, 1.56, and 1.45, respectively). Scrub typhus and murine typhus were shown to be common causes of AUF in northern Vietnam although the occurrence of spotted fever group rickettsiae was not determined. Clinical and epidemiological information may help local clinicians make clinical diagnosis of specific rickettsioses in a resource-limited setting.

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Seaport as a source of hantavirus: A study on isolated isles

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China

Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China

The Epidemic Characteristics and Changing Trend of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Hubei Province, China

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus among Hospitalized Patients with Acute Undifferentiated Fever in Northern Vietnam

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